First-priority role of V.M. Bechterev as an outstanding scientist in establishing of a number of scientific spheres is revealed. Among these spheres are morphology and biochemistry of brain, anatomy of central nervous system, man's energy potential and woks in psychology of early childhood, psychology of personality and social psychology as well. It is stressed that V.M. Bechterev for the first time in world's scientific practice realized the idea of integral approach to man's study. Special attention is paid to Bechterev's conception of a healthy person which outstrips the addressing of western psychology to the problem for many years.