The idea is substantiated that the advent of the Anthropocene epoch as a modern stage of global history and global evolution, in all its diversity of natural and socio-economic trends, has led to the aggravation of global risks (environmental, geopolitical, economic, social and technological) and the phenomenon of global security in all its manifestations (international, economic, food, military, information, spiritual, cognitive, etc.). The current situation necessitates the development of a theoretical and methodological basis for the study of global security in these areas, and the development of specific recommendations that are positioned in asphatronics as a theory of global security. Over the past two decades, risks associated with the development of artificial intelligence and the expansion of cognitive operations in the military and civilian spheres have been actively ‘implanted’ into the global risk group. Special attention is paid to the actualization of the problem of countering cognitive operations, which has led to the emergence of a new, sixth, domain of hybrid warfare, namely cognitive. Cognitive warfare poses global risks of a purely technological and geopolitical, economic, socio-anthropological and existential order. Cognitive warfare is interpreted as a war of ideologies, and the essence is to take control of people, organizations, nations, and to manipulate a person's consciousness and subconscious. The article substantiates the position that asphatronics, which claims to be a theory of global security, should be developed in close connection with cognitology (a system of cognitive sciences), one of the research areas of which is information, psychological and cognitive security