Ensuring the economic security of the personality is to create a mechanism of protection against internal and external threats in modern Russia. In this connection, the role of the policy of insurance of citizens as the most effective institution of risk management and security of health, personal property of citizens. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the attitude of Russian citizens to insurance policy of insurance and investment. The study consisted of three stages: at the preparatory stage - a longitudinal study of Russian clients of insurance companies was conducted, at the pilot study - a survey of policyholders on two developed scale multifactorial questionnaires investigating insurance preferences and financial anxiety. In the main study, which was presented by a heterogeneous sample, an Arsenal of techniques was used, which included a basic survey, a TAS questionnaire (in Soldatova's approbation), a questionnaire of economic attitudes (Deineka, Zabelin) and a Dinner satisfaction scale. A total of 1409 people took part in the study. The article presents the results of theoretical understanding of the factors of economic security of the personality, which affect the insurance behavior of citizens. The questions of scientific development of insurance research in politics and Economics, the problem of psychology of personal security in the economy, the phenomenon of insurance in the economic life of the citizen and the phenomenon of trust as an indicator of political and economic reality. The problem of insurance culture and financial planning as a measure to reduce economic risks at the level of the state and the individual is raised. The theoretical model of insurance behavior is developed. The Institute of insurance in our work is considered in the framework of psychological science as a category of risk avoidance, danger, threat, overcoming fear, as a system of economic security, creating a mechanism to protect the individual from internal and external fears and threats.