Abstract: The combination of steppe and tundra locations at Altai highland depressions—Bertek and Khindiktig-Khol’—is considered with regard to verifying the hypothesis of the existence of a tundra steppe in northern Eurasia during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and its contemporary landscape analogues. Data on soil–vegetation cover diversity at the Altai highland depressions are represented. Cause-and-effect relations explaining the spatial differentiation of nature complexes are identified. The thermal regime of locations with the predominance of steppe and dwarf-birch vegetation is investigated. The interrelation between soil–vegetation cover differentiation and distinction in the microclimate and the permafrost boundary are proved.