The authors use the data of Comtrade and Trademap to estimate the Grubel-Lloyd index for intra-industry trade between Russia and the People's Republic of China for the period from 1996 to 2017. The Grubel-Lloyd index is estimated for the total trade between Russia and China and within individual commodity groups. The paper shows that the level of intra-industry trade specialization between these two countries has declined since 2003. In 2017, the share of intra-industry trade in total commodity turnover between Russia and China was half that for Russian foreign trade as a whole. The authors also estimate the Grubel-Lloyd index for intra-industry trade between Russia and the world.