• Joonas Uusitalo
  • Kseniia Golubenko
  • Laura Arppe
  • Nicolas Brehm
  • Thomas Hackman
  • Hisashi Hayakawa
  • Samuli Helama
  • Kenichiro Mizohata
  • Fusa Miyake
  • Harri Mäkinen
  • Pekka Nöjd
  • Eija Tanskanen
  • Fuyuki Tokanai
  • Eugene Rozanov
  • Lukas Wacker
  • Ilya Usoskin
  • Markku Oinonen
The Carrington event of 1859 has been the strongest solar flare in the observational history. It plays a crucial role in shedding light on the frequency and impacts of the past and future Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) events on human societies. We address the impact of the Carrington event by measuring tree-ring 14C with multiple replications from high-latitude locations around the event and by comparing them with mid-latitude measurements. A transient offset in 14C following the event is observed with high statistical significance. Our state-of-the-art 14C production and transport model does not reproduce the observational finding, suggesting features beyond present understanding. Particularly, our observation would require partially fast transport of 14C between the stratosphere and troposphere at high latitudes. The observation is consistent with the previous findings with the SEP events of 774 and 993 CE for which faster integration of 14C into tree rings is observed at high latitudes.
Original languageEnglish
Article numbere2023GL106632
JournalGeophysical Research Letters
Volume51
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - 5 Mar 2024
Externally publishedYes

    Research areas

  • Carrington event, solar eruptions, space weather, stratosphere-troposphere exchange, tree-rings

ID: 122467923