Although India along with the Mesopotamia, Egypt and China was the region where the oldest civilizations in the world were born, we know little about the perception of time and calendar of early civilization of the Indus Valley. The Indus Valley civilization texts haven’t been deciphered yet and archaeological findings do not say much about it, although some scholars (Gurov, Volchok, Albedil) consider certain inscriptions from Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa as calendar ones. On the other hand, India is the country of living tradition, and calendar festivals, rites and rituals have along history of thousands of years tracing back to the time of the Rig Veda (Sanskritऋग्वेद,IAST:ṛgveda,“theVedaofHymns” (2nd millenniumB.C.). Both analysis of ancient texts and study of modern festivals with old tradition may be of the interest in the research onTime, Calendar and festivals in Ancient and Medieval India.