This paper briefly outlines a number of key theories in the psychology of motivation (reinforcement, attribution, self-efficacy, expectancy and goal orientation theories) and considers their relevance to educational practice. It then considers the impact of pedagogy upon motivation with particular reference to practice in Russia. In the light of this discussion, it is argued that much work in motivational theory has neglected to consider to a sufficient degree important cultural and pedagogical factors. The paper concludes by considering implications for professional educational psychology practice.