Standard
The Polarized Image of a Synchrotron-emitting Ring of Gas Orbiting a Black Hole. / Narayan, Ramesh; Palumbo, Daniel C.M.; Johnson, Michael D.; Gelles, Zachary; Himwich, Elizabeth; Chang, Dominic O.; Ricarte, Angelo; Dexter, Jason; Gammie, Charles F.; Chael, Andrew A.; Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Algaba, Juan Carlos; Anantua, Richard; Asada, Keiichi; Azulay, Rebecca; Baczko, Anne Kathrin; Ball, David; Baloković, Mislav; Barrett, John; Benson, Bradford A.; Bintley, Dan; Blackburn, Lindy; Blundell, Raymond; Boland, Wilfred; Bouman, Katherine L.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Boyce, Hope; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke; Broderick, Avery E.; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Byun, Do Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Chan, Chi Kwan; Chatterjee, Shami; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chen, Ming Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Chesler, Paul M.; Cho, Ilje; Christian, Pierre; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crawford, Thomas M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Cui, Yuzhu; Davelaar, Jordy; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Falcke, Heino; Farah, Joseph; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Ed; Ford, H. Alyson; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Friberg, Per; Fromm, Christian M.; Fuentes, Antonio; Galison, Peter; García, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Georgiev, Boris; Goddi, Ciriaco; Gold, Roman; Gómez, José L.; Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hada, Kazuhiro; Haggard, Daryl; Hecht, Michael H.; Hesper, Ronald; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Ikeda, Shiro; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Janssen, Michael; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra; Jorstad, Svetlana; Jung, Taehyun; Karami, Mansour; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kawashima, Tomohisa; Keating, Garrett K.; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Dong Jin; Kim, Jae Young; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Junhan; Kino, Motoki; Koay, Jun Yi; Kofuji, Yutaro; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Michael; Kramer, Carsten; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Kuo, Cheng Yu; Lauer, Tod R.; Lee, Sang Sung; Levis, Aviad; Li, Yan Rong; Li, Zhiyuan; Lindqvist, Michael; Lico, Rocco; Lindahl, Greg; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin; Lu, Ru Sen; Macdonald, Nicholas R.; Mao, Jirong; Marchili, Nicola; Markoff, Sera; Marrone, Daniel P.; Marscher, Alan P.; Martí-Vidal, Iván; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Medeiros, Lia; Menten, Karl M.; Mizuno, Izumi; Mizuno, Yosuke; Moran, James M.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Müller, Cornelia; Musoke, Gibwa; Mejías, Alejandro Mus; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Nathanail, Antonios; Neilsen, Joey; Neri, Roberto; Ni, Chunchong; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Nowak, Michael A.; Okino, Hiroki; Olivares, Héctor; Ortiz-León, Gisela N.; Oyama, Tomoaki; Özel, Feryal; Park, Jongho; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue Li; Pesce, Dominic W.; Piétu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; Popstefanija, Aleksandar; Porth, Oliver; Pötzl, Felix M.; Prather, Ben; Preciado-López, Jorge A.; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Pu, Hung Yi; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Rezzolla, Luciano; Ripperda, Bart; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Rose, Mel; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruszczyk, Chet; Rygl, Kazi L.J.; Sánchez, Salvador; Sánchez-Arguelles, David; Sasada, Mahito; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schuster, Karl Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Small, Des; Sohn, Bong Won; Soohoo, Jason; Sun, He; Tazaki, Fumie; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Tiede, Paul; Tilanus, Remo P.J.; Titus, Michael; Toma, Kenji; Torne, Pablo; Trent, Tyler; Traianou, Efthalia; Trippe, Sascha; Van Bemmel, Ilse; Van Langevelde, Huib Jan; Van Rossum, Daniel R.; Wagner, Jan; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Wardle, John; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wielgus, Maciek; Wong, George N.; Wu, Qingwen; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, André; Young, Ken; Younsi, Ziri; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye Fei; Zensus, J. Anton; Zhao, Guang Yao; Zhao, Shan Shan.
In:
Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 912, No. 1, 35, 01.05.2021.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Harvard
Narayan, R, Palumbo, DCM, Johnson, MD, Gelles, Z, Himwich, E, Chang, DO, Ricarte, A, Dexter, J, Gammie, CF, Chael, AA, Akiyama, K, Alberdi, A, Alef, W, Algaba, JC, Anantua, R, Asada, K, Azulay, R, Baczko, AK, Ball, D, Baloković, M, Barrett, J, Benson, BA, Bintley, D, Blackburn, L, Blundell, R, Boland, W, Bouman, KL, Bower, GC, Boyce, H, Bremer, M, Brinkerink, CD, Brissenden, R, Britzen, S, Broderick, AE, Broguiere, D, Bronzwaer, T, Byun, DY, Carlstrom, JE, Chan, CK, Chatterjee, S, Chatterjee, K, Chen, MT, Chen, Y, Chesler, PM, Cho, I, Christian, P, Conway, JE, Cordes, JM, Crawford, TM, Crew, GB, Cruz-Osorio, A, Cui, Y, Davelaar, J, De Laurentis, M, Deane, R, Dempsey, J, Desvignes, G, Doeleman, SS, Eatough, RP, Falcke, H, Farah, J, Fish, VL, Fomalont, E, Ford, HA, Fraga-Encinas, R, Friberg, P, Fromm, CM, Fuentes, A, Galison, P, García, R, Gentaz, O, Georgiev, B, Goddi, C, Gold, R, Gómez, JL, Gómez-Ruiz, AI, Gu, M, Gurwell, M, Hada, K, Haggard, D, Hecht, MH, Hesper, R, Ho, LC, Ho, P, Honma, M, Huang, CWL, Huang, L, Hughes, DH, Ikeda, S, Inoue, M, Issaoun, S, James, DJ, Jannuzi, BT, Janssen, M, Jeter, B, Jiang, W, Jimenez-Rosales, A
, Jorstad, S, Jung, T, Karami, M, Karuppusamy, R, Kawashima, T, Keating, GK, Kettenis, M, Kim, DJ, Kim, JY, Kim, J, Kim, J, Kino, M, Koay, JY, Kofuji, Y, Koch, PM, Koyama, S, Kramer, M, Kramer, C, Krichbaum, TP, Kuo, CY, Lauer, TR, Lee, SS, Levis, A, Li, YR, Li, Z, Lindqvist, M, Lico, R, Lindahl, G, Liu, J, Liu, K, Liuzzo, E, Lo, WP, Lobanov, AP, Loinard, L, Lonsdale, C, Lu, RS, Macdonald, NR, Mao, J, Marchili, N, Markoff, S, Marrone, DP, Marscher, AP, Martí-Vidal, I, Matsushita, S, Matthews, LD, Medeiros, L, Menten, KM, Mizuno, I, Mizuno, Y, Moran, JM, Moriyama, K, Moscibrodzka, M, Müller, C, Musoke, G, Mejías, AM, Nagai, H, Nagar, NM, Nakamura, M, Narayanan, G, Natarajan, I, Nathanail, A, Neilsen, J, Neri, R, Ni, C, Noutsos, A, Nowak, MA, Okino, H, Olivares, H, Ortiz-León, GN, Oyama, T, Özel, F, Park, J, Patel, N, Pen, UL, Pesce, DW, Piétu, V, Plambeck, R, Popstefanija, A, Porth, O, Pötzl, FM, Prather, B, Preciado-López, JA, Psaltis, D, Pu, HY, Ramakrishnan, V, Rao, R, Rawlings, MG, Raymond, AW, Rezzolla, L, Ripperda, B, Roelofs, F, Rogers, A, Ros, E, Rose, M, Roshanineshat, A, Rottmann, H, Roy, AL, Ruszczyk, C, Rygl, KLJ, Sánchez, S, Sánchez-Arguelles, D, Sasada, M, Savolainen, T, Schloerb, FP, Schuster, KF, Shao, L, Shen, Z, Small, D, Sohn, BW, Soohoo, J, Sun, H, Tazaki, F, Tetarenko, AJ, Tiede, P, Tilanus, RPJ, Titus, M, Toma, K, Torne, P, Trent, T, Traianou, E, Trippe, S, Van Bemmel, I, Van Langevelde, HJ, Van Rossum, DR, Wagner, J, Ward-Thompson, D, Wardle, J, Weintroub, J, Wex, N, Wharton, R, Wielgus, M, Wong, GN, Wu, Q, Yoon, D, Young, A, Young, K, Younsi, Z, Yuan, F, Yuan, YF, Zensus, JA, Zhao, GY & Zhao, SS 2021, '
The Polarized Image of a Synchrotron-emitting Ring of Gas Orbiting a Black Hole',
Astrophysical Journal, vol. 912, no. 1, 35.
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abf117APA
Narayan, R., Palumbo, D. C. M., Johnson, M. D., Gelles, Z., Himwich, E., Chang, D. O., Ricarte, A., Dexter, J., Gammie, C. F., Chael, A. A., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Algaba, J. C., Anantua, R., Asada, K., Azulay, R., Baczko, A. K., Ball, D., ... Zhao, S. S. (2021).
The Polarized Image of a Synchrotron-emitting Ring of Gas Orbiting a Black Hole.
Astrophysical Journal,
912(1), [35].
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abf117Vancouver
Author
Narayan, Ramesh ; Palumbo, Daniel C.M. ; Johnson, Michael D. ; Gelles, Zachary ; Himwich, Elizabeth ; Chang, Dominic O. ; Ricarte, Angelo ; Dexter, Jason ; Gammie, Charles F. ; Chael, Andrew A. ; Akiyama, Kazunori ; Alberdi, Antxon ; Alef, Walter ; Algaba, Juan Carlos ; Anantua, Richard ; Asada, Keiichi ; Azulay, Rebecca ; Baczko, Anne Kathrin ; Ball, David ; Baloković, Mislav ; Barrett, John ; Benson, Bradford A. ; Bintley, Dan ; Blackburn, Lindy ; Blundell, Raymond ; Boland, Wilfred ; Bouman, Katherine L. ; Bower, Geoffrey C. ; Boyce, Hope ; Bremer, Michael ; Brinkerink, Christiaan D. ; Brissenden, Roger ; Britzen, Silke ; Broderick, Avery E. ; Broguiere, Dominique ; Bronzwaer, Thomas ; Byun, Do Young ; Carlstrom, John E. ; Chan, Chi Kwan ; Chatterjee, Shami ; Chatterjee, Koushik ; Chen, Ming Tang ; Chen, Yongjun ; Chesler, Paul M. ; Cho, Ilje ; Christian, Pierre ; Conway, John E. ; Cordes, James M. ; Crawford, Thomas M. ; Crew, Geoffrey B. ; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro ; Cui, Yuzhu ; Davelaar, Jordy ; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia ; Deane, Roger ; Dempsey, Jessica ; Desvignes, Gregory ; Doeleman, Sheperd S. ; Eatough, Ralph P. ; Falcke, Heino ; Farah, Joseph ; Fish, Vincent L. ; Fomalont, Ed ; Ford, H. Alyson ; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel ; Friberg, Per ; Fromm, Christian M. ; Fuentes, Antonio ; Galison, Peter ; García, Roberto ; Gentaz, Olivier ; Georgiev, Boris ; Goddi, Ciriaco ; Gold, Roman ; Gómez, José L. ; Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. ; Gu, Minfeng ; Gurwell, Mark ; Hada, Kazuhiro ; Haggard, Daryl ; Hecht, Michael H. ; Hesper, Ronald ; Ho, Luis C. ; Ho, Paul ; Honma, Mareki ; Huang, Chih Wei L. ; Huang, Lei ; Hughes, David H. ; Ikeda, Shiro ; Inoue, Makoto ; Issaoun, Sara ; James, David J. ; Jannuzi, Buell T. ; Janssen, Michael ; Jeter, Britton ; Jiang, Wu ; Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra
; Jorstad, Svetlana ; Jung, Taehyun ; Karami, Mansour ; Karuppusamy, Ramesh ; Kawashima, Tomohisa ; Keating, Garrett K. ; Kettenis, Mark ; Kim, Dong Jin ; Kim, Jae Young ; Kim, Jongsoo ; Kim, Junhan ; Kino, Motoki ; Koay, Jun Yi ; Kofuji, Yutaro ; Koch, Patrick M. ; Koyama, Shoko ; Kramer, Michael ; Kramer, Carsten ; Krichbaum, Thomas P. ; Kuo, Cheng Yu ; Lauer, Tod R. ; Lee, Sang Sung ; Levis, Aviad ; Li, Yan Rong ; Li, Zhiyuan ; Lindqvist, Michael ; Lico, Rocco ; Lindahl, Greg ; Liu, Jun ; Liu, Kuo ; Liuzzo, Elisabetta ; Lo, Wen Ping ; Lobanov, Andrei P. ; Loinard, Laurent ; Lonsdale, Colin ; Lu, Ru Sen ; Macdonald, Nicholas R. ; Mao, Jirong ; Marchili, Nicola ; Markoff, Sera ; Marrone, Daniel P. ; Marscher, Alan P. ; Martí-Vidal, Iván ; Matsushita, Satoki ; Matthews, Lynn D. ; Medeiros, Lia ; Menten, Karl M. ; Mizuno, Izumi ; Mizuno, Yosuke ; Moran, James M. ; Moriyama, Kotaro ; Moscibrodzka, Monika ; Müller, Cornelia ; Musoke, Gibwa ; Mejías, Alejandro Mus ; Nagai, Hiroshi ; Nagar, Neil M. ; Nakamura, Masanori ; Narayanan, Gopal ; Natarajan, Iniyan ; Nathanail, Antonios ; Neilsen, Joey ; Neri, Roberto ; Ni, Chunchong ; Noutsos, Aristeidis ; Nowak, Michael A. ; Okino, Hiroki ; Olivares, Héctor ; Ortiz-León, Gisela N. ; Oyama, Tomoaki ; Özel, Feryal ; Park, Jongho ; Patel, Nimesh ; Pen, Ue Li ; Pesce, Dominic W. ; Piétu, Vincent ; Plambeck, Richard ; Popstefanija, Aleksandar ; Porth, Oliver ; Pötzl, Felix M. ; Prather, Ben ; Preciado-López, Jorge A. ; Psaltis, Dimitrios ; Pu, Hung Yi ; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh ; Rao, Ramprasad ; Rawlings, Mark G. ; Raymond, Alexander W. ; Rezzolla, Luciano ; Ripperda, Bart ; Roelofs, Freek ; Rogers, Alan ; Ros, Eduardo ; Rose, Mel ; Roshanineshat, Arash ; Rottmann, Helge ; Roy, Alan L. ; Ruszczyk, Chet ; Rygl, Kazi L.J. ; Sánchez, Salvador ; Sánchez-Arguelles, David ; Sasada, Mahito ; Savolainen, Tuomas ; Schloerb, F. Peter ; Schuster, Karl Friedrich ; Shao, Lijing ; Shen, Zhiqiang ; Small, Des ; Sohn, Bong Won ; Soohoo, Jason ; Sun, He ; Tazaki, Fumie ; Tetarenko, Alexandra J. ; Tiede, Paul ; Tilanus, Remo P.J. ; Titus, Michael ; Toma, Kenji ; Torne, Pablo ; Trent, Tyler ; Traianou, Efthalia ; Trippe, Sascha ; Van Bemmel, Ilse ; Van Langevelde, Huib Jan ; Van Rossum, Daniel R. ; Wagner, Jan ; Ward-Thompson, Derek ; Wardle, John ; Weintroub, Jonathan ; Wex, Norbert ; Wharton, Robert ; Wielgus, Maciek ; Wong, George N. ; Wu, Qingwen ; Yoon, Doosoo ; Young, André ; Young, Ken ; Younsi, Ziri ; Yuan, Feng ; Yuan, Ye Fei ; Zensus, J. Anton ; Zhao, Guang Yao ; Zhao, Shan Shan. /
The Polarized Image of a Synchrotron-emitting Ring of Gas Orbiting a Black Hole. In:
Astrophysical Journal. 2021 ; Vol. 912, No. 1.
BibTeX
@article{ff8d60a6b298468c9b260243b1f71f93,
title = "The Polarized Image of a Synchrotron-emitting Ring of Gas Orbiting a Black Hole",
abstract = "Synchrotron radiation from hot gas near a black hole results in a polarized image. The image polarization is determined by effects including the orientation of the magnetic field in the emitting region, relativistic motion of the gas, strong gravitational lensing by the black hole, and parallel transport in the curved spacetime. We explore these effects using a simple model of an axisymmetric, equatorial accretion disk around a Schwarzschild black hole. By using an approximate expression for the null geodesics derived by Beloborodov and conservation of the Walker-Penrose constant, we provide analytic estimates for the image polarization. We test this model using currently favored general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of M87∗, using ring parameters given by the simulations. For a subset of these with modest Faraday effects, we show that the ring model broadly reproduces the polarimetric image morphology. Our model also predicts the polarization evolution for compact flaring regions, such as those observed from Sgr A∗ with GRAVITY. With suitably chosen parameters, our simple model can reproduce the EVPA pattern and relative polarized intensity in Event Horizon Telescope images of M87∗. Under the physically motivated assumption that the magnetic field trails the fluid velocity, this comparison is consistent with the clockwise rotation inferred from total intensity images. ",
keywords = "M87 EVENT HORIZON, MAGNETIC-FIELD STRUCTURE, SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK, NEAR-INFRARED FLARES, ACCRETION FLOW, MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS, ARRESTED ACCRETION, DISK, JET, POLARIMETRY",
author = "Ramesh Narayan and Palumbo, {Daniel C.M.} and Johnson, {Michael D.} and Zachary Gelles and Elizabeth Himwich and Chang, {Dominic O.} and Angelo Ricarte and Jason Dexter and Gammie, {Charles F.} and Chael, {Andrew A.} and Kazunori Akiyama and Antxon Alberdi and Walter Alef and Algaba, {Juan Carlos} and Richard Anantua and Keiichi Asada and Rebecca Azulay and Baczko, {Anne Kathrin} and David Ball and Mislav Balokovi{\'c} and John Barrett and Benson, {Bradford A.} and Dan Bintley and Lindy Blackburn and Raymond Blundell and Wilfred Boland and Bouman, {Katherine L.} and Bower, {Geoffrey C.} and Hope Boyce and Michael Bremer and Brinkerink, {Christiaan D.} and Roger Brissenden and Silke Britzen and Broderick, {Avery E.} and Dominique Broguiere and Thomas Bronzwaer and Byun, {Do Young} and Carlstrom, {John E.} and Chan, {Chi Kwan} and Shami Chatterjee and Koushik Chatterjee and Chen, {Ming Tang} and Yongjun Chen and Chesler, {Paul M.} and Ilje Cho and Pierre Christian and Conway, {John E.} and Cordes, {James M.} and Crawford, {Thomas M.} and Crew, {Geoffrey B.} and Alejandro Cruz-Osorio and Yuzhu Cui and Jordy Davelaar and {De Laurentis}, Mariafelicia and Roger Deane and Jessica Dempsey and Gregory Desvignes and Doeleman, {Sheperd S.} and Eatough, {Ralph P.} and Heino Falcke and Joseph Farah and Fish, {Vincent L.} and Ed Fomalont and Ford, {H. Alyson} and Raquel Fraga-Encinas and Per Friberg and Fromm, {Christian M.} and Antonio Fuentes and Peter Galison and Roberto Garc{\'i}a and Olivier Gentaz and Boris Georgiev and Ciriaco Goddi and Roman Gold and G{\'o}mez, {Jos{\'e} L.} and G{\'o}mez-Ruiz, {Arturo I.} and Minfeng Gu and Mark Gurwell and Kazuhiro Hada and Daryl Haggard and Hecht, {Michael H.} and Ronald Hesper and Ho, {Luis C.} and Paul Ho and Mareki Honma and Huang, {Chih Wei L.} and Lei Huang and Hughes, {David H.} and Shiro Ikeda and Makoto Inoue and Sara Issaoun and James, {David J.} and Jannuzi, {Buell T.} and Michael Janssen and Britton Jeter and Wu Jiang and Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales and Svetlana Jorstad and Taehyun Jung and Mansour Karami and Ramesh Karuppusamy and Tomohisa Kawashima and Keating, {Garrett K.} and Mark Kettenis and Kim, {Dong Jin} and Kim, {Jae Young} and Jongsoo Kim and Junhan Kim and Motoki Kino and Koay, {Jun Yi} and Yutaro Kofuji and Koch, {Patrick M.} and Shoko Koyama and Michael Kramer and Carsten Kramer and Krichbaum, {Thomas P.} and Kuo, {Cheng Yu} and Lauer, {Tod R.} and Lee, {Sang Sung} and Aviad Levis and Li, {Yan Rong} and Zhiyuan Li and Michael Lindqvist and Rocco Lico and Greg Lindahl and Jun Liu and Kuo Liu and Elisabetta Liuzzo and Lo, {Wen Ping} and Lobanov, {Andrei P.} and Laurent Loinard and Colin Lonsdale and Lu, {Ru Sen} and Macdonald, {Nicholas R.} and Jirong Mao and Nicola Marchili and Sera Markoff and Marrone, {Daniel P.} and Marscher, {Alan P.} and Iv{\'a}n Mart{\'i}-Vidal and Satoki Matsushita and Matthews, {Lynn D.} and Lia Medeiros and Menten, {Karl M.} and Izumi Mizuno and Yosuke Mizuno and Moran, {James M.} and Kotaro Moriyama and Monika Moscibrodzka and Cornelia M{\"u}ller and Gibwa Musoke and Mej{\'i}as, {Alejandro Mus} and Hiroshi Nagai and Nagar, {Neil M.} and Masanori Nakamura and Gopal Narayanan and Iniyan Natarajan and Antonios Nathanail and Joey Neilsen and Roberto Neri and Chunchong Ni and Aristeidis Noutsos and Nowak, {Michael A.} and Hiroki Okino and H{\'e}ctor Olivares and Ortiz-Le{\'o}n, {Gisela N.} and Tomoaki Oyama and Feryal {\"O}zel and Jongho Park and Nimesh Patel and Pen, {Ue Li} and Pesce, {Dominic W.} and Vincent Pi{\'e}tu and Richard Plambeck and Aleksandar Popstefanija and Oliver Porth and P{\"o}tzl, {Felix M.} and Ben Prather and Preciado-L{\'o}pez, {Jorge A.} and Dimitrios Psaltis and Pu, {Hung Yi} and Venkatessh Ramakrishnan and Ramprasad Rao and Rawlings, {Mark G.} and Raymond, {Alexander W.} and Luciano Rezzolla and Bart Ripperda and Freek Roelofs and Alan Rogers and Eduardo Ros and Mel Rose and Arash Roshanineshat and Helge Rottmann and Roy, {Alan L.} and Chet Ruszczyk and Rygl, {Kazi L.J.} and Salvador S{\'a}nchez and David S{\'a}nchez-Arguelles and Mahito Sasada and Tuomas Savolainen and Schloerb, {F. Peter} and Schuster, {Karl Friedrich} and Lijing Shao and Zhiqiang Shen and Des Small and Sohn, {Bong Won} and Jason Soohoo and He Sun and Fumie Tazaki and Tetarenko, {Alexandra J.} and Paul Tiede and Tilanus, {Remo P.J.} and Michael Titus and Kenji Toma and Pablo Torne and Tyler Trent and Efthalia Traianou and Sascha Trippe and {Van Bemmel}, Ilse and {Van Langevelde}, {Huib Jan} and {Van Rossum}, {Daniel R.} and Jan Wagner and Derek Ward-Thompson and John Wardle and Jonathan Weintroub and Norbert Wex and Robert Wharton and Maciek Wielgus and Wong, {George N.} and Qingwen Wu and Doosoo Yoon and Andr{\'e} Young and Ken Young and Ziri Younsi and Feng Yuan and Yuan, {Ye Fei} and Zensus, {J. Anton} and Zhao, {Guang Yao} and Zhao, {Shan Shan}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society..",
year = "2021",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/abf117",
language = "English",
volume = "912",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal",
issn = "0004-637X",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "1",
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - The Polarized Image of a Synchrotron-emitting Ring of Gas Orbiting a Black Hole
AU - Narayan, Ramesh
AU - Palumbo, Daniel C.M.
AU - Johnson, Michael D.
AU - Gelles, Zachary
AU - Himwich, Elizabeth
AU - Chang, Dominic O.
AU - Ricarte, Angelo
AU - Dexter, Jason
AU - Gammie, Charles F.
AU - Chael, Andrew A.
AU - Akiyama, Kazunori
AU - Alberdi, Antxon
AU - Alef, Walter
AU - Algaba, Juan Carlos
AU - Anantua, Richard
AU - Asada, Keiichi
AU - Azulay, Rebecca
AU - Baczko, Anne Kathrin
AU - Ball, David
AU - Baloković, Mislav
AU - Barrett, John
AU - Benson, Bradford A.
AU - Bintley, Dan
AU - Blackburn, Lindy
AU - Blundell, Raymond
AU - Boland, Wilfred
AU - Bouman, Katherine L.
AU - Bower, Geoffrey C.
AU - Boyce, Hope
AU - Bremer, Michael
AU - Brinkerink, Christiaan D.
AU - Brissenden, Roger
AU - Britzen, Silke
AU - Broderick, Avery E.
AU - Broguiere, Dominique
AU - Bronzwaer, Thomas
AU - Byun, Do Young
AU - Carlstrom, John E.
AU - Chan, Chi Kwan
AU - Chatterjee, Shami
AU - Chatterjee, Koushik
AU - Chen, Ming Tang
AU - Chen, Yongjun
AU - Chesler, Paul M.
AU - Cho, Ilje
AU - Christian, Pierre
AU - Conway, John E.
AU - Cordes, James M.
AU - Crawford, Thomas M.
AU - Crew, Geoffrey B.
AU - Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro
AU - Cui, Yuzhu
AU - Davelaar, Jordy
AU - De Laurentis, Mariafelicia
AU - Deane, Roger
AU - Dempsey, Jessica
AU - Desvignes, Gregory
AU - Doeleman, Sheperd S.
AU - Eatough, Ralph P.
AU - Falcke, Heino
AU - Farah, Joseph
AU - Fish, Vincent L.
AU - Fomalont, Ed
AU - Ford, H. Alyson
AU - Fraga-Encinas, Raquel
AU - Friberg, Per
AU - Fromm, Christian M.
AU - Fuentes, Antonio
AU - Galison, Peter
AU - García, Roberto
AU - Gentaz, Olivier
AU - Georgiev, Boris
AU - Goddi, Ciriaco
AU - Gold, Roman
AU - Gómez, José L.
AU - Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I.
AU - Gu, Minfeng
AU - Gurwell, Mark
AU - Hada, Kazuhiro
AU - Haggard, Daryl
AU - Hecht, Michael H.
AU - Hesper, Ronald
AU - Ho, Luis C.
AU - Ho, Paul
AU - Honma, Mareki
AU - Huang, Chih Wei L.
AU - Huang, Lei
AU - Hughes, David H.
AU - Ikeda, Shiro
AU - Inoue, Makoto
AU - Issaoun, Sara
AU - James, David J.
AU - Jannuzi, Buell T.
AU - Janssen, Michael
AU - Jeter, Britton
AU - Jiang, Wu
AU - Jimenez-Rosales, Alejandra
AU - Jorstad, Svetlana
AU - Jung, Taehyun
AU - Karami, Mansour
AU - Karuppusamy, Ramesh
AU - Kawashima, Tomohisa
AU - Keating, Garrett K.
AU - Kettenis, Mark
AU - Kim, Dong Jin
AU - Kim, Jae Young
AU - Kim, Jongsoo
AU - Kim, Junhan
AU - Kino, Motoki
AU - Koay, Jun Yi
AU - Kofuji, Yutaro
AU - Koch, Patrick M.
AU - Koyama, Shoko
AU - Kramer, Michael
AU - Kramer, Carsten
AU - Krichbaum, Thomas P.
AU - Kuo, Cheng Yu
AU - Lauer, Tod R.
AU - Lee, Sang Sung
AU - Levis, Aviad
AU - Li, Yan Rong
AU - Li, Zhiyuan
AU - Lindqvist, Michael
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N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society..
PY - 2021/5/1
Y1 - 2021/5/1
N2 - Synchrotron radiation from hot gas near a black hole results in a polarized image. The image polarization is determined by effects including the orientation of the magnetic field in the emitting region, relativistic motion of the gas, strong gravitational lensing by the black hole, and parallel transport in the curved spacetime. We explore these effects using a simple model of an axisymmetric, equatorial accretion disk around a Schwarzschild black hole. By using an approximate expression for the null geodesics derived by Beloborodov and conservation of the Walker-Penrose constant, we provide analytic estimates for the image polarization. We test this model using currently favored general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of M87∗, using ring parameters given by the simulations. For a subset of these with modest Faraday effects, we show that the ring model broadly reproduces the polarimetric image morphology. Our model also predicts the polarization evolution for compact flaring regions, such as those observed from Sgr A∗ with GRAVITY. With suitably chosen parameters, our simple model can reproduce the EVPA pattern and relative polarized intensity in Event Horizon Telescope images of M87∗. Under the physically motivated assumption that the magnetic field trails the fluid velocity, this comparison is consistent with the clockwise rotation inferred from total intensity images.
AB - Synchrotron radiation from hot gas near a black hole results in a polarized image. The image polarization is determined by effects including the orientation of the magnetic field in the emitting region, relativistic motion of the gas, strong gravitational lensing by the black hole, and parallel transport in the curved spacetime. We explore these effects using a simple model of an axisymmetric, equatorial accretion disk around a Schwarzschild black hole. By using an approximate expression for the null geodesics derived by Beloborodov and conservation of the Walker-Penrose constant, we provide analytic estimates for the image polarization. We test this model using currently favored general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of M87∗, using ring parameters given by the simulations. For a subset of these with modest Faraday effects, we show that the ring model broadly reproduces the polarimetric image morphology. Our model also predicts the polarization evolution for compact flaring regions, such as those observed from Sgr A∗ with GRAVITY. With suitably chosen parameters, our simple model can reproduce the EVPA pattern and relative polarized intensity in Event Horizon Telescope images of M87∗. Under the physically motivated assumption that the magnetic field trails the fluid velocity, this comparison is consistent with the clockwise rotation inferred from total intensity images.
KW - M87 EVENT HORIZON
KW - MAGNETIC-FIELD STRUCTURE
KW - SAGITTARIUS-A-ASTERISK
KW - NEAR-INFRARED FLARES
KW - ACCRETION FLOW
KW - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS
KW - ARRESTED ACCRETION
KW - DISK
KW - JET
KW - POLARIMETRY
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85106227319&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/fd998e05-5108-3f05-a2c1-4105696030ad/
U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/abf117
DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/abf117
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85106227319
VL - 912
JO - Astrophysical Journal
JF - Astrophysical Journal
SN - 0004-637X
IS - 1
M1 - 35
ER -
