We report the results of analysis of ways of application of nanostructured metasurfaces in rotation angle sensor (angle encoders). The dependence of optical properties of nanostructured metasurfaces upon their orientation relative to the incident optical radiation service as the basis of the study. The metasurfaces’ response to the incident radiation allows to judged on the mutual orientation of the radiation source and the metasurface. This allows to use metasurfaces as angle encoder scales. We discuss the possibility of using of amplitude and phase response of different types of metasurfaces. The main attention is paid to metasurfaces in the form of plasmonic nanorods, Pancharatnam–Berry elements and C-shaped antennas. The overall dimensions of the scales of angular encoders based on metasurfaces (width and length or diameter) can be tens of microns or less. Thus, the use of metasurfaces in angular encoders allows to reduce their size by orders of magnitude. Alongside, the use of metasurfaces should allow to realize non-contact measurements of the rotation angle (when only the scale based on the metasurface is placed on the controlled object or a part of an object itself acts as a scale) and to implement an absolute rotation angle sensor without significant increase of its size and manufacture complexity.