Standard

The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies. / Abeysekara, A. U.; Benbow, W.; Bird, R.; Brill, A.; Brose, R.; Buchovecky, M.; Buckley, J. H.; Christiansen, J. L.; Chromey, A. J.; Daniel, M. K.; Dumm, J.; Falcone, A.; Feng, Q.; Finley, J. P.; Fortson, L.; Furniss, A.; Galante, N.; Gent, A.; Gillanders, G. H.; Giuri, C.; Gueta, O.; Hassan, T.; Hervet, O.; Holder, J.; Hughes, G.; Humensky, T. B.; Johnson, C. A.; Kaaret, P.; Kar, P.; Kelley-Hoskins, N.; Kertzman, M.; Kieda, D.; Krause, M.; Krennrich, F.; Kumar, S.; Lang, M. J.; Moriarty, P.; Mukherjee, R.; Nelson, T.; Nieto, D.; Nievas Rosillo, M.; O'Brien, S.; Ong, R. A.; Otte, A. N.; Park, N.; Petrashyk, A.; Pichel, A.; Pohl, M.; Prado, R. R.; Pueschel, E.; Quinn, J.; Ragan, K.; Reynolds, P. T.; Richards, G. T.; Roache, E.; Rovero, A. C.; Rulten, C.; Sadeh, I.; Santander, M.; Sembroski, G. H.; Shahinyan, K.; Stevenson, B.; Sushch, I.; Tyler, J.; Vassiliev, V. V.; Wakely, S. P.; Weinstein, A.; Wells, R. M.; Wilcox, P.; Wilhelm, A.; Williams, D. A.; Zitzer, B.; Acciari, V. A.; Ansoldi, S.; Antonelli, L. A.; Arbet Engels, A.; Baack, D.; Babić, A.; Banerjee, B.; Barres de Almeida, U.; Barrio, J. A.; Becerra González, J.; Bednarek, W.; Bellizzi, L.; Bernardini, E.; Berti, A.; Besenrieder, J.; Bhattacharyya, W.; Bigongiari, C.; Biland, A.; Blanch, O.; Bonnoli, G.; Busetto, G.; Carosi, R.; Ceribella, G.; Cikota, S.; Colak, S. M.; Colin, U.; Colombo, E.; Contreras, J. L.; Cortina, J.; Covino, S.; D'Elia, V.; Da Vela, P.; Dazzi, F.; De Angelis, A.; De Lotto, B.; Delfino, M.; Delgado, J.; Di Pierro, F.; Do Souto Espiñera, E.; Dominis Prester, D.; Dorner, D.; Doro, M.; Einecke, S.; Elsaesser, D.; Fallah Ramazani, V.; Fattorini, A.; Fernández-Barral, A.; Ferrara, G.; Fidalgo, D.; Foffano, L.; Fonseca, M. V.; Font, L.; Fruck, C.; Galindo, D.; Gallozzi, S.; García López, R. J.; Garczarczyk, M.; Gasparyan, S.; Gaug, M.; Godinović, N.; Green, D.; Guberman, D.; Hadasch, D.; Hahn, A.; Herrera, J.; Hoang, J.; Hrupec, D.; Inoue, S.; Ishio, K.; Iwamura, Y.; Kubo, H.; Kushida, J.; Lamastra, A.; Lelas, D.; Leone, F.; Lindfors, E.; Lombardi, S.; Longo, F.; López, M.; López-Coto, R.; López-Oramas, A.; Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B.; Maggio, C.; Majumdar, P.; Makariev, M.; Mallamaci, M.; Maneva, G.; Manganaro, M.; Mannheim, K.; Maraschi, L.; Mariotti, M.; Martínez, M.; Masuda, S.; Mazin, D.; Miceli, D.; Minev, M.; Miranda, J. M.; Mirzoyan, R.; Molina, E.; Moralejo, A.; Morcuende, D.; Moreno, V.; Moretti, E.; Munar-Adrover, P.; Neustroev, V.; Niedzwiecki, A.; Nievas Rosillo, M.; Nigro, C.; Nilsson, K.; Ninci, D.; Nishijima, K.; Noda, K.; Nogués, L.; Nöthe, M.; Paiano, S.; Palacio, J.; Palatiello, M.; Paneque, D.; Paoletti, R.; Paredes, J. M.; Peñil, P.; Peresano, M.; Persic, M.; Prada Moroni, P. G.; Prandini, E.; Puljak, I.; Rhode, W.; Ribó, M.; Rico, J.; Righi, C.; Rugliancich, A.; Saha, L.; Sahakyan, N.; Saito, T.; Satalecka, K.; Schweizer, T.; Sitarek, J.; Šnidarić, I.; Sobczynska, D.; Somero, A.; Stamerra, A.; Strom, D.; Strzys, M.; Sun, S.; Surić, T.; Tavecchio, F.; Temnikov, P.; Terzić, T.; Teshima, M.; Torres-Albà, N.; Tsujimoto, S.; van Scherpenberg, J.; Vanzo, G.; Vazquez Acosta, M.; Vovk, I.; Will, M.; Zarić, D.; Aller, H. D.; Aller, M. F.; Carini, M. T.; Horan, D.; Jordan, B.; Jorstad, S. G.; Kurtanidze, O. M.; Kurtanidze, S. O.; Lähteenmäki, A.; Larionov, V. M.; Larionova, E. G.; Madejski, G.; Marscher, A. P.; Max-Moerbeck, W.; Moody, J. Ward; Morozova, D. A.; Nikolashvili, M. G.; Raiteri, C. M.; Readhead, A. C. S.; Richards, J. L.; Sadun, A. C.; Sakamoto, T.; Sigua, L. A.; Smith, P. S.; Talvikki, H.; Tammi, J.; Tornikoski, M.; Troitsky, I. S.; Villata, M.

In: Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 890, No. 2, 97, 20.02.2020, p. 97.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Harvard

Abeysekara, AU, Benbow, W, Bird, R, Brill, A, Brose, R, Buchovecky, M, Buckley, JH, Christiansen, JL, Chromey, AJ, Daniel, MK, Dumm, J, Falcone, A, Feng, Q, Finley, JP, Fortson, L, Furniss, A, Galante, N, Gent, A, Gillanders, GH, Giuri, C, Gueta, O, Hassan, T, Hervet, O, Holder, J, Hughes, G, Humensky, TB, Johnson, CA, Kaaret, P, Kar, P, Kelley-Hoskins, N, Kertzman, M, Kieda, D, Krause, M, Krennrich, F, Kumar, S, Lang, MJ, Moriarty, P, Mukherjee, R, Nelson, T, Nieto, D, Nievas Rosillo, M, O'Brien, S, Ong, RA, Otte, AN, Park, N, Petrashyk, A, Pichel, A, Pohl, M, Prado, RR, Pueschel, E, Quinn, J, Ragan, K, Reynolds, PT, Richards, GT, Roache, E, Rovero, AC, Rulten, C, Sadeh, I, Santander, M, Sembroski, GH, Shahinyan, K, Stevenson, B, Sushch, I, Tyler, J, Vassiliev, VV, Wakely, SP, Weinstein, A, Wells, RM, Wilcox, P, Wilhelm, A, Williams, DA, Zitzer, B, Acciari, VA, Ansoldi, S, Antonelli, LA, Arbet Engels, A, Baack, D, Babić, A, Banerjee, B, Barres de Almeida, U, Barrio, JA, Becerra González, J, Bednarek, W, Bellizzi, L, Bernardini, E, Berti, A, Besenrieder, J, Bhattacharyya, W, Bigongiari, C, Biland, A, Blanch, O, Bonnoli, G, Busetto, G, Carosi, R, Ceribella, G, Cikota, S, Colak, SM, Colin, U, Colombo, E, Contreras, JL, Cortina, J, Covino, S, D'Elia, V, Da Vela, P, Dazzi, F, De Angelis, A, De Lotto, B, Delfino, M, Delgado, J, Di Pierro, F, Do Souto Espiñera, E, Dominis Prester, D, Dorner, D, Doro, M, Einecke, S, Elsaesser, D, Fallah Ramazani, V, Fattorini, A, Fernández-Barral, A, Ferrara, G, Fidalgo, D, Foffano, L, Fonseca, MV, Font, L, Fruck, C, Galindo, D, Gallozzi, S, García López, RJ, Garczarczyk, M, Gasparyan, S, Gaug, M, Godinović, N, Green, D, Guberman, D, Hadasch, D, Hahn, A, Herrera, J, Hoang, J, Hrupec, D, Inoue, S, Ishio, K, Iwamura, Y, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, Lamastra, A, Lelas, D, Leone, F, Lindfors, E, Lombardi, S, Longo, F, López, M, López-Coto, R, López-Oramas, A, Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B, Maggio, C, Majumdar, P, Makariev, M, Mallamaci, M, Maneva, G, Manganaro, M, Mannheim, K, Maraschi, L, Mariotti, M, Martínez, M, Masuda, S, Mazin, D, Miceli, D, Minev, M, Miranda, JM, Mirzoyan, R, Molina, E, Moralejo, A, Morcuende, D, Moreno, V, Moretti, E, Munar-Adrover, P, Neustroev, V, Niedzwiecki, A, Nievas Rosillo, M, Nigro, C, Nilsson, K, Ninci, D, Nishijima, K, Noda, K, Nogués, L, Nöthe, M, Paiano, S, Palacio, J, Palatiello, M, Paneque, D, Paoletti, R, Paredes, JM, Peñil, P, Peresano, M, Persic, M, Prada Moroni, PG, Prandini, E, Puljak, I, Rhode, W, Ribó, M, Rico, J, Righi, C, Rugliancich, A, Saha, L, Sahakyan, N, Saito, T, Satalecka, K, Schweizer, T, Sitarek, J, Šnidarić, I, Sobczynska, D, Somero, A, Stamerra, A, Strom, D, Strzys, M, Sun, S, Surić, T, Tavecchio, F, Temnikov, P, Terzić, T, Teshima, M, Torres-Albà, N, Tsujimoto, S, van Scherpenberg, J, Vanzo, G, Vazquez Acosta, M, Vovk, I, Will, M, Zarić, D, Aller, HD, Aller, MF, Carini, MT, Horan, D, Jordan, B, Jorstad, SG, Kurtanidze, OM, Kurtanidze, SO, Lähteenmäki, A, Larionov, VM, Larionova, EG, Madejski, G, Marscher, AP, Max-Moerbeck, W, Moody, JW, Morozova, DA, Nikolashvili, MG, Raiteri, CM, Readhead, ACS, Richards, JL, Sadun, AC, Sakamoto, T, Sigua, LA, Smith, PS, Talvikki, H, Tammi, J, Tornikoski, M, Troitsky, IS & Villata, M 2020, 'The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies', Astrophysical Journal, vol. 890, no. 2, 97, pp. 97. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6612

APA

Abeysekara, A. U., Benbow, W., Bird, R., Brill, A., Brose, R., Buchovecky, M., Buckley, J. H., Christiansen, J. L., Chromey, A. J., Daniel, M. K., Dumm, J., Falcone, A., Feng, Q., Finley, J. P., Fortson, L., Furniss, A., Galante, N., Gent, A., Gillanders, G. H., ... Villata, M. (2020). The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies. Astrophysical Journal, 890(2), 97. [97]. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6612

Vancouver

Abeysekara AU, Benbow W, Bird R, Brill A, Brose R, Buchovecky M et al. The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies. Astrophysical Journal. 2020 Feb 20;890(2):97. 97. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab6612

Author

Abeysekara, A. U. ; Benbow, W. ; Bird, R. ; Brill, A. ; Brose, R. ; Buchovecky, M. ; Buckley, J. H. ; Christiansen, J. L. ; Chromey, A. J. ; Daniel, M. K. ; Dumm, J. ; Falcone, A. ; Feng, Q. ; Finley, J. P. ; Fortson, L. ; Furniss, A. ; Galante, N. ; Gent, A. ; Gillanders, G. H. ; Giuri, C. ; Gueta, O. ; Hassan, T. ; Hervet, O. ; Holder, J. ; Hughes, G. ; Humensky, T. B. ; Johnson, C. A. ; Kaaret, P. ; Kar, P. ; Kelley-Hoskins, N. ; Kertzman, M. ; Kieda, D. ; Krause, M. ; Krennrich, F. ; Kumar, S. ; Lang, M. J. ; Moriarty, P. ; Mukherjee, R. ; Nelson, T. ; Nieto, D. ; Nievas Rosillo, M. ; O'Brien, S. ; Ong, R. A. ; Otte, A. N. ; Park, N. ; Petrashyk, A. ; Pichel, A. ; Pohl, M. ; Prado, R. R. ; Pueschel, E. ; Quinn, J. ; Ragan, K. ; Reynolds, P. T. ; Richards, G. T. ; Roache, E. ; Rovero, A. C. ; Rulten, C. ; Sadeh, I. ; Santander, M. ; Sembroski, G. H. ; Shahinyan, K. ; Stevenson, B. ; Sushch, I. ; Tyler, J. ; Vassiliev, V. V. ; Wakely, S. P. ; Weinstein, A. ; Wells, R. M. ; Wilcox, P. ; Wilhelm, A. ; Williams, D. A. ; Zitzer, B. ; Acciari, V. A. ; Ansoldi, S. ; Antonelli, L. A. ; Arbet Engels, A. ; Baack, D. ; Babić, A. ; Banerjee, B. ; Barres de Almeida, U. ; Barrio, J. A. ; Becerra González, J. ; Bednarek, W. ; Bellizzi, L. ; Bernardini, E. ; Berti, A. ; Besenrieder, J. ; Bhattacharyya, W. ; Bigongiari, C. ; Biland, A. ; Blanch, O. ; Bonnoli, G. ; Busetto, G. ; Carosi, R. ; Ceribella, G. ; Cikota, S. ; Colak, S. M. ; Colin, U. ; Colombo, E. ; Contreras, J. L. ; Cortina, J. ; Covino, S. ; D'Elia, V. ; Da Vela, P. ; Dazzi, F. ; De Angelis, A. ; De Lotto, B. ; Delfino, M. ; Delgado, J. ; Di Pierro, F. ; Do Souto Espiñera, E. ; Dominis Prester, D. ; Dorner, D. ; Doro, M. ; Einecke, S. ; Elsaesser, D. ; Fallah Ramazani, V. ; Fattorini, A. ; Fernández-Barral, A. ; Ferrara, G. ; Fidalgo, D. ; Foffano, L. ; Fonseca, M. V. ; Font, L. ; Fruck, C. ; Galindo, D. ; Gallozzi, S. ; García López, R. J. ; Garczarczyk, M. ; Gasparyan, S. ; Gaug, M. ; Godinović, N. ; Green, D. ; Guberman, D. ; Hadasch, D. ; Hahn, A. ; Herrera, J. ; Hoang, J. ; Hrupec, D. ; Inoue, S. ; Ishio, K. ; Iwamura, Y. ; Kubo, H. ; Kushida, J. ; Lamastra, A. ; Lelas, D. ; Leone, F. ; Lindfors, E. ; Lombardi, S. ; Longo, F. ; López, M. ; López-Coto, R. ; López-Oramas, A. ; Machado de Oliveira Fraga, B. ; Maggio, C. ; Majumdar, P. ; Makariev, M. ; Mallamaci, M. ; Maneva, G. ; Manganaro, M. ; Mannheim, K. ; Maraschi, L. ; Mariotti, M. ; Martínez, M. ; Masuda, S. ; Mazin, D. ; Miceli, D. ; Minev, M. ; Miranda, J. M. ; Mirzoyan, R. ; Molina, E. ; Moralejo, A. ; Morcuende, D. ; Moreno, V. ; Moretti, E. ; Munar-Adrover, P. ; Neustroev, V. ; Niedzwiecki, A. ; Nievas Rosillo, M. ; Nigro, C. ; Nilsson, K. ; Ninci, D. ; Nishijima, K. ; Noda, K. ; Nogués, L. ; Nöthe, M. ; Paiano, S. ; Palacio, J. ; Palatiello, M. ; Paneque, D. ; Paoletti, R. ; Paredes, J. M. ; Peñil, P. ; Peresano, M. ; Persic, M. ; Prada Moroni, P. G. ; Prandini, E. ; Puljak, I. ; Rhode, W. ; Ribó, M. ; Rico, J. ; Righi, C. ; Rugliancich, A. ; Saha, L. ; Sahakyan, N. ; Saito, T. ; Satalecka, K. ; Schweizer, T. ; Sitarek, J. ; Šnidarić, I. ; Sobczynska, D. ; Somero, A. ; Stamerra, A. ; Strom, D. ; Strzys, M. ; Sun, S. ; Surić, T. ; Tavecchio, F. ; Temnikov, P. ; Terzić, T. ; Teshima, M. ; Torres-Albà, N. ; Tsujimoto, S. ; van Scherpenberg, J. ; Vanzo, G. ; Vazquez Acosta, M. ; Vovk, I. ; Will, M. ; Zarić, D. ; Aller, H. D. ; Aller, M. F. ; Carini, M. T. ; Horan, D. ; Jordan, B. ; Jorstad, S. G. ; Kurtanidze, O. M. ; Kurtanidze, S. O. ; Lähteenmäki, A. ; Larionov, V. M. ; Larionova, E. G. ; Madejski, G. ; Marscher, A. P. ; Max-Moerbeck, W. ; Moody, J. Ward ; Morozova, D. A. ; Nikolashvili, M. G. ; Raiteri, C. M. ; Readhead, A. C. S. ; Richards, J. L. ; Sadun, A. C. ; Sakamoto, T. ; Sigua, L. A. ; Smith, P. S. ; Talvikki, H. ; Tammi, J. ; Tornikoski, M. ; Troitsky, I. S. ; Villata, M. / The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies. In: Astrophysical Journal. 2020 ; Vol. 890, No. 2. pp. 97.

BibTeX

@article{cdaf3f4c62b54ff88d9c0593e2bd2493,
title = "The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies",
abstract = "We report on variability and correlation studies using multiwavelength observations of the blazar Mrk 421 during the month of 2010 February, when an extraordinary flare reaching a level of ˜27 Crab Units above 1 TeV was measured in very high energy (VHE) γ-rays with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observatory. This is the highest flux state for Mrk 421 ever observed in VHE γ-rays. Data are analyzed from a coordinated campaign across multiple instruments, including VHE γ-ray (VERITAS, Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov), high-energy γ-ray (Fermi-LAT), X-ray (Swift, Rossi X-ray Timing Experiment, MAXI), optical (including the GASP-WEBT collaboration and polarization data), and radio (Mets{\"a}hovi, Owens Valley Radio Observatory, University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory). Light curves are produced spanning multiple days before and after the peak of the VHE flare, including over several flare {"}decline{"} epochs. The main flare statistics allow 2 minute time bins to be constructed in both the VHE and optical bands enabling a cross-correlation analysis that shows evidence for an optical lag of ˜25–55 minutes, the first time-lagged correlation between these bands reported on such short timescales. Limits on the Doppler factor (δ ≳ 33) and the size of the emission region ( ${\delta }^{-1}{R}_{B}\lesssim 3.8\times {10}^{13}\,{\rm{cm}}$ ) are obtained from the fast variability observed by VERITAS during the main flare. Analysis of 10 minute binned VHE and X-ray data over the decline epochs shows an extraordinary range of behavior in the flux–flux relationship, from linear to quadratic to lack of correlation to anticorrelation. Taken together, these detailed observations of an unprecedented flare seen in Mrk 421 are difficult to explain with the classic single-zone synchrotron self-Compton model.",
keywords = "BL Lacertae objects, Blazars, Gamma-ray astronomy, High energy astrophysics, Markarian galaxies, Relativistic jets, Time domain astronomy, BLAZAR FLARES, RAY LIGHT CURVES, RADIATION, CRAB-NEBULA, ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI, TEV PHOTONS, X-RAY, BL-LAC OBJECTS, RADIO-SOURCES, EMISSION",
author = "Abeysekara, {A. U.} and W. Benbow and R. Bird and A. Brill and R. Brose and M. Buchovecky and Buckley, {J. H.} and Christiansen, {J. L.} and Chromey, {A. J.} and Daniel, {M. K.} and J. Dumm and A. Falcone and Q. Feng and Finley, {J. P.} and L. Fortson and A. Furniss and N. Galante and A. Gent and Gillanders, {G. H.} and C. Giuri and O. Gueta and T. Hassan and O. Hervet and J. Holder and G. Hughes and Humensky, {T. B.} and Johnson, {C. A.} and P. Kaaret and P. Kar and N. Kelley-Hoskins and M. Kertzman and D. Kieda and M. Krause and F. Krennrich and S. Kumar and Lang, {M. J.} and P. Moriarty and R. Mukherjee and T. Nelson and D. Nieto and {Nievas Rosillo}, M. and S. O'Brien and Ong, {R. A.} and Otte, {A. N.} and N. Park and A. Petrashyk and A. Pichel and M. Pohl and Prado, {R. R.} and E. Pueschel and J. Quinn and K. Ragan and Reynolds, {P. T.} and Richards, {G. T.} and E. Roache and Rovero, {A. C.} and C. Rulten and I. Sadeh and M. Santander and Sembroski, {G. H.} and K. Shahinyan and B. Stevenson and I. Sushch and J. Tyler and Vassiliev, {V. V.} and Wakely, {S. P.} and A. Weinstein and Wells, {R. M.} and P. Wilcox and A. Wilhelm and Williams, {D. A.} and B. Zitzer and Acciari, {V. A.} and S. Ansoldi and Antonelli, {L. A.} and {Arbet Engels}, A. and D. Baack and A. Babi{\'c} and B. Banerjee and {Barres de Almeida}, U. and Barrio, {J. A.} and {Becerra Gonz{\'a}lez}, J. and W. Bednarek and L. Bellizzi and E. Bernardini and A. Berti and J. Besenrieder and W. Bhattacharyya and C. Bigongiari and A. Biland and O. Blanch and G. Bonnoli and G. Busetto and R. Carosi and G. Ceribella and S. Cikota and Colak, {S. M.} and U. Colin and E. Colombo and Contreras, {J. L.} and J. Cortina and S. Covino and V. D'Elia and {Da Vela}, P. and F. Dazzi and {De Angelis}, A. and {De Lotto}, B. and M. Delfino and J. Delgado and {Di Pierro}, F. and {Do Souto Espi{\~n}era}, E. and {Dominis Prester}, D. and D. Dorner and M. Doro and S. Einecke and D. Elsaesser and {Fallah Ramazani}, V. and A. Fattorini and A. Fern{\'a}ndez-Barral and G. Ferrara and D. Fidalgo and L. Foffano and Fonseca, {M. V.} and L. Font and C. Fruck and D. Galindo and S. Gallozzi and {Garc{\'i}a L{\'o}pez}, {R. J.} and M. Garczarczyk and S. Gasparyan and M. Gaug and N. Godinovi{\'c} and D. Green and D. Guberman and D. Hadasch and A. Hahn and J. Herrera and J. Hoang and D. Hrupec and S. Inoue and K. Ishio and Y. Iwamura and H. Kubo and J. Kushida and A. Lamastra and D. Lelas and F. Leone and E. Lindfors and S. Lombardi and F. Longo and M. L{\'o}pez and R. L{\'o}pez-Coto and A. L{\'o}pez-Oramas and {Machado de Oliveira Fraga}, B. and C. Maggio and P. Majumdar and M. Makariev and M. Mallamaci and G. Maneva and M. Manganaro and K. Mannheim and L. Maraschi and M. Mariotti and M. Mart{\'i}nez and S. Masuda and D. Mazin and D. Miceli and M. Minev and Miranda, {J. M.} and R. Mirzoyan and E. Molina and A. Moralejo and D. Morcuende and V. Moreno and E. Moretti and P. Munar-Adrover and V. Neustroev and A. Niedzwiecki and {Nievas Rosillo}, M. and C. Nigro and K. Nilsson and D. Ninci and K. Nishijima and K. Noda and L. Nogu{\'e}s and M. N{\"o}the and S. Paiano and J. Palacio and M. Palatiello and D. Paneque and R. Paoletti and Paredes, {J. M.} and P. Pe{\~n}il and M. Peresano and M. Persic and {Prada Moroni}, {P. G.} and E. Prandini and I. Puljak and W. Rhode and M. Rib{\'o} and J. Rico and C. Righi and A. Rugliancich and L. Saha and N. Sahakyan and T. Saito and K. Satalecka and T. Schweizer and J. Sitarek and I. {\v S}nidari{\'c} and D. Sobczynska and A. Somero and A. Stamerra and D. Strom and M. Strzys and S. Sun and T. Suri{\'c} and F. Tavecchio and P. Temnikov and T. Terzi{\'c} and M. Teshima and N. Torres-Alb{\`a} and S. Tsujimoto and {van Scherpenberg}, J. and G. Vanzo and {Vazquez Acosta}, M. and I. Vovk and M. Will and D. Zari{\'c} and Aller, {H. D.} and Aller, {M. F.} and Carini, {M. T.} and D. Horan and B. Jordan and Jorstad, {S. G.} and Kurtanidze, {O. M.} and Kurtanidze, {S. O.} and A. L{\"a}hteenm{\"a}ki and Larionov, {V. M.} and Larionova, {E. G.} and G. Madejski and Marscher, {A. P.} and W. Max-Moerbeck and Moody, {J. Ward} and Morozova, {D. A.} and Nikolashvili, {M. G.} and Raiteri, {C. M.} and Readhead, {A. C. S.} and Richards, {J. L.} and Sadun, {A. C.} and T. Sakamoto and Sigua, {L. A.} and Smith, {P. S.} and H. Talvikki and J. Tammi and M. Tornikoski and Troitsky, {I. S.} and M. Villata",
year = "2020",
month = feb,
day = "20",
doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ab6612",
language = "English",
volume = "890",
pages = "97",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal",
issn = "0004-637X",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "2",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - The Great Markarian 421 Flare of 2010 February: Multiwavelength Variability and Correlation Studies

AU - Abeysekara, A. U.

AU - Benbow, W.

AU - Bird, R.

AU - Brill, A.

AU - Brose, R.

AU - Buchovecky, M.

AU - Buckley, J. H.

AU - Christiansen, J. L.

AU - Chromey, A. J.

AU - Daniel, M. K.

AU - Dumm, J.

AU - Falcone, A.

AU - Feng, Q.

AU - Finley, J. P.

AU - Fortson, L.

AU - Furniss, A.

AU - Galante, N.

AU - Gent, A.

AU - Gillanders, G. H.

AU - Giuri, C.

AU - Gueta, O.

AU - Hassan, T.

AU - Hervet, O.

AU - Holder, J.

AU - Hughes, G.

AU - Humensky, T. B.

AU - Johnson, C. A.

AU - Kaaret, P.

AU - Kar, P.

AU - Kelley-Hoskins, N.

AU - Kertzman, M.

AU - Kieda, D.

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PY - 2020/2/20

Y1 - 2020/2/20

N2 - We report on variability and correlation studies using multiwavelength observations of the blazar Mrk 421 during the month of 2010 February, when an extraordinary flare reaching a level of ˜27 Crab Units above 1 TeV was measured in very high energy (VHE) γ-rays with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observatory. This is the highest flux state for Mrk 421 ever observed in VHE γ-rays. Data are analyzed from a coordinated campaign across multiple instruments, including VHE γ-ray (VERITAS, Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov), high-energy γ-ray (Fermi-LAT), X-ray (Swift, Rossi X-ray Timing Experiment, MAXI), optical (including the GASP-WEBT collaboration and polarization data), and radio (Metsähovi, Owens Valley Radio Observatory, University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory). Light curves are produced spanning multiple days before and after the peak of the VHE flare, including over several flare "decline" epochs. The main flare statistics allow 2 minute time bins to be constructed in both the VHE and optical bands enabling a cross-correlation analysis that shows evidence for an optical lag of ˜25–55 minutes, the first time-lagged correlation between these bands reported on such short timescales. Limits on the Doppler factor (δ ≳ 33) and the size of the emission region ( ${\delta }^{-1}{R}_{B}\lesssim 3.8\times {10}^{13}\,{\rm{cm}}$ ) are obtained from the fast variability observed by VERITAS during the main flare. Analysis of 10 minute binned VHE and X-ray data over the decline epochs shows an extraordinary range of behavior in the flux–flux relationship, from linear to quadratic to lack of correlation to anticorrelation. Taken together, these detailed observations of an unprecedented flare seen in Mrk 421 are difficult to explain with the classic single-zone synchrotron self-Compton model.

AB - We report on variability and correlation studies using multiwavelength observations of the blazar Mrk 421 during the month of 2010 February, when an extraordinary flare reaching a level of ˜27 Crab Units above 1 TeV was measured in very high energy (VHE) γ-rays with the Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System (VERITAS) observatory. This is the highest flux state for Mrk 421 ever observed in VHE γ-rays. Data are analyzed from a coordinated campaign across multiple instruments, including VHE γ-ray (VERITAS, Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov), high-energy γ-ray (Fermi-LAT), X-ray (Swift, Rossi X-ray Timing Experiment, MAXI), optical (including the GASP-WEBT collaboration and polarization data), and radio (Metsähovi, Owens Valley Radio Observatory, University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory). Light curves are produced spanning multiple days before and after the peak of the VHE flare, including over several flare "decline" epochs. The main flare statistics allow 2 minute time bins to be constructed in both the VHE and optical bands enabling a cross-correlation analysis that shows evidence for an optical lag of ˜25–55 minutes, the first time-lagged correlation between these bands reported on such short timescales. Limits on the Doppler factor (δ ≳ 33) and the size of the emission region ( ${\delta }^{-1}{R}_{B}\lesssim 3.8\times {10}^{13}\,{\rm{cm}}$ ) are obtained from the fast variability observed by VERITAS during the main flare. Analysis of 10 minute binned VHE and X-ray data over the decline epochs shows an extraordinary range of behavior in the flux–flux relationship, from linear to quadratic to lack of correlation to anticorrelation. Taken together, these detailed observations of an unprecedented flare seen in Mrk 421 are difficult to explain with the classic single-zone synchrotron self-Compton model.

KW - BL Lacertae objects

KW - Blazars

KW - Gamma-ray astronomy

KW - High energy astrophysics

KW - Markarian galaxies

KW - Relativistic jets

KW - Time domain astronomy

KW - BLAZAR FLARES

KW - RAY LIGHT CURVES

KW - RADIATION

KW - CRAB-NEBULA

KW - ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI

KW - TEV PHOTONS

KW - X-RAY

KW - BL-LAC OBJECTS

KW - RADIO-SOURCES

KW - EMISSION

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85081537040&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/4571131f-d258-35a8-a8be-28ea962bf747/

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab6612

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab6612

M3 - Article

VL - 890

SP - 97

JO - Astrophysical Journal

JF - Astrophysical Journal

SN - 0004-637X

IS - 2

M1 - 97

ER -

ID: 51836462