Siberia is an integral system, in which many factors create a unique natural and cultural environment. In this chapter, the Siberian region is considered as a single socio-ecological system. The focus on the natural resource management practices makes it possible to find standard features in indigenous and other peoples’ cultural models, despite differences in the natural conditions of their living, worldviews, and value orientations. The study’s aim is the generalization and typological analysis of physical, spiritual, and mental ways of exploring the space by peoples of Siberia. The study’s basis consists of modern theoretical concepts, field expeditionary research, and the implementation of applied academic projects of the chapter’s authors. The interrelation of natural landscapes and forms of traditional natural resource management, auxiliary crafts and household traditions, living environment, and social structure; mythological, ethnic, symbolic images of spaces, and spiritual culture of peoples of the Siberian region are investigated. The geography of research covers the territory of Gorny Altai, Irkutsk Oblast, Transbaikalia, and Yakutia. The general research field and working methodology are important: adaptation to the natural environment, attitude to the territory of residence, as well as analysis of ethnographic, linguistic, folklore, and musical materials. Among such integrative scientific tasks is studying the ethnocultural landscape of the Turks, Evenks, and Old Believers’ people. This kind of ethnocultural landscape is being formed under various natural zones, spiritual models, nature management practices, and a special living environment.