The purpose of this study is to show a bidirectional influence of the mouse pheromones on the genome stability of germ and somatic target cells in conspecific recipients. Using unidentified mixture of pheromones originated from adult animals (males or females) it was revealed that these chemosignals can modify frequencies of different chromosomal disturbances in mitotic and meiotic dividing cells. This finding is important to understand the mechanisms of self-regulation and microevolutionary processes in mouse populations. It can also expand our understanding of the role of the central nervous system and the pathways from the environment to the cell genomes and back to the whole organism and populations in the regulation of the microevolutionary changes in mammals.