Analyzing the complex origin of various chicken breeds and populations is fundamental for understanding, preserving, and exploiting their genetic diversity. Here, we aim to assess the different contributions to mitochondrial genetic diversity of the Pavlov chicken breed. The mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop 1231/1232 b.p. in length) in 37 chickens of the Pavlov breed was sequenced. Individuals were selected from three flocks belonging to the Federal State Unitary Research Farm Gene Pool (Genofond), Pushkin, Leningrad region; the collection farm of the All-Russian Research & Development and Technology Institute of the Poultry Industry (GNU VNITIP), Sergiev Posad, Moscow region; and breeders from Barnaul, Altai region. The Pavlov chicken D-loop sequences were compared with D-loop sequences annotated in GenBank for established chicken haplogroups. We have found 11 haplotypes belonging to 2 haplogroups (E1 and A). Genetic uniformity and stability have been shown for the GNU VNITIP and Barnaul flocks, while a D-loop high polymorphism was found in the population from the Gene Pool research farm. There appears to be a tendency for genetic fragmentation of the Pavlov chicken breed.