TY - JOUR

T1 - Synthesis and characterization of a series of lead complexes with (pyrazinyl)benzohydrazone ligand and theoretical studies of their supramolecular dimerization in solid state

AU - Mahmoudi, Ghodrat

AU - Garcia-Santos, Isabel

AU - Novikov, Alexander S.

AU - Kornilov, Dmitry A.

AU - Fernández-Vazquez, Roi

AU - Castiñeiras, Alfonso

AU - Zangrando, Ennio

PY - 2025/4/1

Y1 - 2025/4/1

N2 - We have synthesized a series of lead complexes with pyrazinyl-4-methylbenzoylhydrazone (HPyz) and different anions as ancillary ligands, namely [Pb(HPyz)Cl2] (1), [Pb(Pyz)(NO2)] (2), [Pb(Pyz)(NO3)(H2O)] (3), [Pb(Pyz)(NO2)0.5(NO3)0.5(H2O)] (4), and [Pb(Pyz)(SCN)(H2O)] (5). These complexes have been characterized by 1H NMR, IR, and X-ray diffraction techniques. All the complexes show a comparable coordination mode of the organic ligand while the supramolecular crystal structure is addressed by the anions and coordinated water molecules when present. In fact, the solid state is characterized by π-stacking interactions between pyrazine and phenyl rings. In particular, inspection of X-ray data reveals dimerization of centrosymmetric related species of these lead complexes via various noncovalent interactions. To assess the nature of these intermolecular interactions, the Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT calculations, followed by topological analysis of the electron density distribution within the QTAIM approach and NCI analysis, have been carried out for the model structures based on the experimental X-ray diffraction analysis data. The Hirshfeld surface analysis for the X-ray structures reveals that in all cases crystal packing is determined primarily by intermolecular contacts involving hydrogen atoms. The QTAIM analysis of model structures demonstrates the presence of bond critical points for various intermolecular interactions responsible for the supramolecular dimerization of the studied lead complexes in solid state.

AB - We have synthesized a series of lead complexes with pyrazinyl-4-methylbenzoylhydrazone (HPyz) and different anions as ancillary ligands, namely [Pb(HPyz)Cl2] (1), [Pb(Pyz)(NO2)] (2), [Pb(Pyz)(NO3)(H2O)] (3), [Pb(Pyz)(NO2)0.5(NO3)0.5(H2O)] (4), and [Pb(Pyz)(SCN)(H2O)] (5). These complexes have been characterized by 1H NMR, IR, and X-ray diffraction techniques. All the complexes show a comparable coordination mode of the organic ligand while the supramolecular crystal structure is addressed by the anions and coordinated water molecules when present. In fact, the solid state is characterized by π-stacking interactions between pyrazine and phenyl rings. In particular, inspection of X-ray data reveals dimerization of centrosymmetric related species of these lead complexes via various noncovalent interactions. To assess the nature of these intermolecular interactions, the Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT calculations, followed by topological analysis of the electron density distribution within the QTAIM approach and NCI analysis, have been carried out for the model structures based on the experimental X-ray diffraction analysis data. The Hirshfeld surface analysis for the X-ray structures reveals that in all cases crystal packing is determined primarily by intermolecular contacts involving hydrogen atoms. The QTAIM analysis of model structures demonstrates the presence of bond critical points for various intermolecular interactions responsible for the supramolecular dimerization of the studied lead complexes in solid state.

KW - Pb(II) complex

KW - Hydrazone ligand

KW - Crystal structure

KW - Complex dimerization

KW - DFT calculations

KW - Hirshfeld surface analysis

U2 - 10.1016/j.inoche.2025.114017

DO - 10.1016/j.inoche.2025.114017

M3 - Article

VL - 174

JO - Inorganic Chemistry Communication

JF - Inorganic Chemistry Communication

SN - 1387-7003

IS - 1

M1 - 114017

ER -