Human effect on natural ecosystems is known as increasing at the last decades. This results in changes in ecosystems functioning and causes the monitoring works became more and more urgent. One of the principal factors which effects on terrestrial and adjacent aquatic ecosystems is wildfires. Wildfires results in declining of abandoned, unaffected lands in nature. For example, wildfires of 2010 were so catastrophic that have occupied more than 8 mln ha of productive lands. The results of the studies of soil and vegetation changes after wildfires in two different natural zones (forest-steppe and tundra) have been reviewed.