This research is devoted to a study of features of the operation of the neural structures of the human brain responsible for "identification, friend-or-foe" patterns when different instructions are being carried out. Digital-image processing methods are used to synthesize stimuli adequate for the task, consisting of images of optoclones of virtual people. Functional magnetic-resonance tomography (fMRT) is used to investigate the basic patterns of brain activity. The dynamics of blood flow in different phases of stimulation is estimated. The opposition principle of the interaction of the regions of the brain responsible for making decisions is detected. It is shown that, first, there is a complex system that jointly operates the zones of the brain, each of which makes its own specific contribution to the accomplishment of mental processes. Second, each of these zones of the brain can be involved in the implementation of various functions, depending on the instruction and the experimental conditions. Third, various structures of the brain interact on the opposition principle. Changing the instruction substantially affects the distribution over the brain of the BOLD signal, which reflects the functional architecture of a large-scale neural network. These results make a substantial contribution to the development of new algorithms for the operation of neuromorphic recognition systems and their practical application in control systems-for example, in analyzing masked mimetic facial expressions.