The effects of the submicrocrystalline (SMC) and microcrystalline (MC) structures of rods and plates made of 1560 (Al-6.5Mg-0.6Mn) and 5083 (Al-4.4Mg-0.7Mn-0.15Cr) alloys subjected to severe plastic deformation (SPD) via angular pressing and subsequent annealing on the characteristics of their static strength and crack resistance have been studied. The alloys with an SMC fragmented structure (after SPD) have strength that is 10-15% higher than that of the 1560 alloy in the cold-worked condition; however, their crack resistance is two to five times lower than that of the MC structure (after pressing and annealing at 350°C). Annealing of the SPD alloys at 200°C removes the nonequilibrium state of the fragmented structure and transforms it into an SMC grain structure. Against the background of an insignificant decrease in strength, this annealing decreases the ductility and crack resistance of rods of the 1560 alloy and increases these characteristics in plates of both alloys. The crack resistance of plates of the 5083 alloy almost reaches the level characteristic of the soft MC state. The causes of the dissimilar behavior of the alloys are analyzed. The mechanical properties are shown to mainly depend on the phase composition of the alloys after SPD, in particular, on the volume fraction of secondary β-phase (Al₃Mg₂) precipitates.