Experts cite the low efficiency of strategic management as one of the key reasons for the poor effectiveness of digital transformation in many Russian companies, due to both the lack of experience in managing digital transformation and the absence of mechanisms for such management. Moreover, the rapid development of technologies and the need to respond quickly to changes in the external environment contribute to the opinion that traditional approaches to strategic company management are irrelevant. All of the above sets the scientific community the important task of creating a methodological basis for strategic management of digital transformation, the initial stage of which is the analysis of the current state of research in this area. The aim of the study is to analyze the views of the Russian research community on the effectiveness the prospects of strategic management of companies in the context of digital transformation, taking into account national specifics. The study reviews the publications in Russian high rating scientific journals (included in the RSCI core list, WoS and/or Scopus) for the period 2015–2020. The paper assesses the impact of digital transformation on business and the company management system, analyses the specific features of digital transformation processes in Russia and identifies prerequisites for changes in strategic management approaches. It is substantiated that for Russian companies, the abandonment of strategic management is impossible and can have potentially negative consequences. Consequently, it is necessary to move away from the short planning horizon and expectations of quick results. At the same time, the growth of uncertainty, including due to the high variability of the legislative field, requires the adaptation of existing mechanisms of strategic management.