The article describes different methods of spectral decomposition on model seismic traces. The main methods are considered: windowed Fourier transform, continuous wavelet transform and algorithms of spectral inversion. As a result the spectral inversion methods based on the approximation of an input trace in a library of wavelets with the help of Lp-regularization, provide a much more accurate spectral representation of the signal. Several possible ways of geological interpretation using spectral inversion are shown in the article as a practical result. Considered approaches could be divided into custom - related to the all types of spectral inversion and specific - forwarded to specific features of spectral inversion results.