Results of examination and treatment of 62 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax which appeared against the background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during the period from 1998 to 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. Emergent drainage of the pleural cavity was made to all the patients at admission to hospital. Surgical intervention was fulfilled in 28 (45%) patients. Complications at the postoperative period were noted in 54% of the patients. An assessment of occurrence of complications did not reveal their regular increasing along with the degree of bronchial obstruction. Differential approach and selection of high risk patients is considered to be necessary.