TY - JOUR

T1 - Social Interaction With an Anonymous Opponent Requires Increased Involvement of the Theory of Mind Neural System: An fMRI Study

AU - Желтякова, Майя Андреевна

AU - Коротков, А.Д.

AU - Машарипов, Руслан

AU - Мызников, Артем

AU - Дидур, Михаил

AU - Чередниченко, Денис

AU - Wagels, Lisa

AU - Habel, Ute

AU - Киреев, Максим Владимирович

AU - Вотинов, Михаил

N1 - Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2022 Zheltyakova, Korotkov, Masharipov, Myznikov, Didur, Cherednichenko, Wagels, Habel, Kireev and Votinov.

PY - 2022/5/13

Y1 - 2022/5/13

N2 - An anonymous interaction might facilitate provoking behavior and modify the engagement of theory of mind (TOM) brain mechanisms. However, the effect of anonymity when processing unfair behavior of an opponent remains largely unknown. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study applied the Taylor aggression paradigm, introducing an anonymous opponent to this task. Thirty-nine healthy right-handed subjects were included in the statistical analysis (13 males/26 females, mean age 24.5 ± 3.6 years). A player winning the reaction-time game could subtract money from the opponent during the task. Participants behaved similarly to both introduced and anonymous opponents. However, when an anonymous opponent (when compared to the introduced opponent) subtracted money, the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) demonstrated an increased BOLD signal and increased functional connectivity with the left IFG. Further, increased functional connectivity between the right IFG, the right temporal parietal junction and precuneus was observed during the perception of high provocation (subtracting a large amount of money) from the anonymous compared to the introduced opponent. We speculate that the neural changes may underlie different inferences about the opponents' mental states. The idea that this reorganization of the TOM network reflects the attempt to understand the opponent by "completing" socially relevant details requires further investigation.

AB - An anonymous interaction might facilitate provoking behavior and modify the engagement of theory of mind (TOM) brain mechanisms. However, the effect of anonymity when processing unfair behavior of an opponent remains largely unknown. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study applied the Taylor aggression paradigm, introducing an anonymous opponent to this task. Thirty-nine healthy right-handed subjects were included in the statistical analysis (13 males/26 females, mean age 24.5 ± 3.6 years). A player winning the reaction-time game could subtract money from the opponent during the task. Participants behaved similarly to both introduced and anonymous opponents. However, when an anonymous opponent (when compared to the introduced opponent) subtracted money, the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) demonstrated an increased BOLD signal and increased functional connectivity with the left IFG. Further, increased functional connectivity between the right IFG, the right temporal parietal junction and precuneus was observed during the perception of high provocation (subtracting a large amount of money) from the anonymous compared to the introduced opponent. We speculate that the neural changes may underlie different inferences about the opponents' mental states. The idea that this reorganization of the TOM network reflects the attempt to understand the opponent by "completing" socially relevant details requires further investigation.

KW - anonymity

KW - competitive game

KW - fMRI

KW - functional connectivity

KW - theory of mind

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85131303109&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.807599

DO - 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.807599

M3 - Article

C2 - 35645745

VL - 16

JO - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

JF - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

SN - 1662-5153

M1 - 807599

ER -