Documents

DOI

  • M. I. Sitnov
  • G. K. Stephens
  • N. A. Tsyganenko
  • Y. Miyashita
  • V. G. Merkin
  • T. Motoba
  • S. Ohtani
  • K. J. Genestreti

Substorm-type evolution of the Earth's magnetosphere is investigated by mining more than two decades (1995-2017) of spaceborne magnetometer data from multiple missions including the first two years (2016-2017) of the Magnetospheric MultiScale mission. This investigation reveals interesting features of plasma evolution distinct from ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) behavior: X-lines, thin current sheets, and regions with the tailward gradient of the equatorial magnetic field B-z. X-lines are found to form mainly beyond 20 R-E, but for strong driving, with the solar wind electric field exceeding similar to 5mV/m, they may come closer. For substorms with weaker driving, X-lines may be preceded by redistribution of the magnetic flux in the tailward B-z gradient regions, similar to the magnetic flux release instability discovered earlier in PIC and MHD simulations as a precursor mechanism of the reconnection onset. Current sheets in the growth phase may be as thin as 0.2 R-E, comparable to the thermal ions gyroradius, and at the same time, as long as 15 R-E. Such an aspect ratio is inconsistent with the isotropic force balance for observed magnetic field configurations. These findings can help resolve kinetic mechanisms of substorm dipolarizations and adjust kinetic generalizations of global MHD models of the magnetosphere. They can also guide and complement microscale analysis of nonideal effects.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)8427-8456
Number of pages30
JournalJournal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Volume124
Issue number11
Early online date12 Oct 2019
DOIs
StatePublished - 1 Nov 2019

    Research areas

  • B hump, data mining, magnetic reconnection, magnetotail, substorm, thin current sheet, Bz hump, FIELD, MAGNETIC RECONNECTION, B-z hump, MHD, MAGNETOTAIL EQUILIBRIA, DIPOLARIZATION FRONTS, ENERGY-CONVERSION, SOLAR-WIND, GROWTH-PHASE, STEADY MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION, THIN CURRENT SHEETS

    Scopus subject areas

  • Forestry
  • Aquatic Science
  • Soil Science
  • Water Science and Technology
  • Earth-Surface Processes
  • Geochemistry and Petrology
  • Geophysics
  • Oceanography
  • Paleontology
  • Ecology
  • Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
  • Space and Planetary Science
  • Atmospheric Science

ID: 48974497