TY - JOUR

T1 - Seasonal dynamics of a complex cheilostome bryozoan symbiosis

T2 - vertical transfer challenged

AU - Bogdanov, Eugenii

AU - Vishnyakov, Andrey

AU - Kotenko, Olga

AU - Grischenko, Andrei

AU - Letarov, A.V.

AU - Ostrovsky, Andrew

N1 - Bogdanov, E.A., Vishnyakov, A.E., Kotenko, O.N. et al. Seasonal dynamics of a complex cheilostome bryozoan symbiosis: vertical transfer challenged. Sci Rep 13, 375 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-26251-6

PY - 2023/1/7

Y1 - 2023/1/7

N2 - Symbiotic associations are dynamic systems influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Here we describe for the first time the developmental and seasonal changes of the funicular bodies in the bryozoan Dendrobeania fruticosa, which are unique temporary organs of cheilostome bryozoans containing prokaryotic symbionts. Histological and ultrastructural studies showed that these organs undergo strong seasonal modification in the White Sea during the ice-free period. Initially (in June) they play a trophic function and support the development of a large population of bacteria. From June to September, both funicular bodies and bacteria show signs of degradation accompanied by development of presumed virus-like particles (VLPs); these self-organize to hollow spheres inside bacteria and are also detected outside of them. Although the destruction of bacteria coincides with the development of VLPs and spheres, the general picture differs considerably from the known instances of bacteriophagy in bryozoans. We broadly discuss potential routes of bacterial infection in Bryozoa and question the hypothesis of vertical transfer, which, although widely accepted in the literature, is contradicted by molecular, morphological and ecological evidence.

AB - Symbiotic associations are dynamic systems influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Here we describe for the first time the developmental and seasonal changes of the funicular bodies in the bryozoan Dendrobeania fruticosa, which are unique temporary organs of cheilostome bryozoans containing prokaryotic symbionts. Histological and ultrastructural studies showed that these organs undergo strong seasonal modification in the White Sea during the ice-free period. Initially (in June) they play a trophic function and support the development of a large population of bacteria. From June to September, both funicular bodies and bacteria show signs of degradation accompanied by development of presumed virus-like particles (VLPs); these self-organize to hollow spheres inside bacteria and are also detected outside of them. Although the destruction of bacteria coincides with the development of VLPs and spheres, the general picture differs considerably from the known instances of bacteriophagy in bryozoans. We broadly discuss potential routes of bacterial infection in Bryozoa and question the hypothesis of vertical transfer, which, although widely accepted in the literature, is contradicted by molecular, morphological and ecological evidence.

KW - bacteria

KW - Environmental microbiology

KW - Microbial ecology

KW - Phage biology

KW - zoology

KW - Symbiosis

KW - Animals

KW - Seasons

KW - Bryozoa/ultrastructure

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/6d6be5c3-b7c0-3d94-a26f-0b5d96fca42b/

U2 - 10.1038/s41598-022-26251-6

DO - 10.1038/s41598-022-26251-6

M3 - Article

C2 - 36611035

VL - 13

JO - Scientific Reports

JF - Scientific Reports

SN - 2045-2322

IS - 1

M1 - 375

ER -