Recombination mechanisms of the population of the excited neon atomic states are studied in the afterglow plasma of a discharge in a helium mixture with a small content of neon ([Ne]/[He] = 10^-5 to 10^-6). The recombination processes involving Ne⁺, Ne₂⁺, and HeNe⁺ ions, which result in level population of the configurations 2p⁵ (3p, 3d, 4p, 4d, and 5s), are identified from the analysis of the spectral line intensities in the decaying plasma. The experimental results are presented and show the possibility of determining the partial coefficients of dissociative recombination of heteronuclear ions and electrons.