The second half of the XIX — beginning of the XX century — was the time of the formation of the theory of personality in our country. In the same period the formulation of the main foundations of the concept of a healthy personality happened, which occupies a central place in the general problem of the psychology of health. In the article the contribution of the scientists in the study of this problem is described: Merezhkovsky, S.S. Korsakov, I.A. Sikorsky, V.M. Bekhterev. It is shown that in their works were expressed fundamentally important thoughts about the essence of personal health. The article presents modern research trends that are directly related to the expansion of our ideas about the phenomenon of a healthy personality.