The book of proceedings includes the papers submitted to the conference “X Galkina Readings”. The published materials give an overview of a wide spectrum of important aspects of modern mire science. Publication joints research results on flora and vegetation cover of mires, their typology and geography, the works on ecosystem functioning including greenhouse gas emissions, carbon storage and accumulation, physic-chemical properties of peat, mire biogeocoenoses reaction on changes of ecological factors. Evaluation of biological productivity of mire ecosystems, peat accumulation rate and their resource potential are discussed. A number of papers present the results of peat moss studies, their ecology and growth estimations. Theoretical essays consider mires within the concepts of ecosystem services and biological diversity. The book may be useful for mire scientists, geobotanists, ecologists and all who are interested in mire ecosystem studies, mire conservation and restoration issues under changes the modern