The aim of this article is to acquaint neonatologists and paediatricians with the potential of osteopathy based on a review of clinical randomised studies. The effectiveness of osteopathic treatment in infants of the first year of life has been proven for hypoxic-ischaemic lesions of CNS (hypertension-hydrocephalic syndrome, mild bulbar dysarthria), hip dysplasia and subfluxation. In premature infants, the use of osteopathic treatment reduces the terms of staying in hospital and the costs of treatment. The described results are demonstrative of the fact that osteopathic treatment helps to recover the physiological mobility of the spinal column and other bone structures, to normalise cerebral blood flow, thus improving the conditions for maturation and functioning of CNS. The main indications to osteopathic treatment are specified. Osteopathic treatment is safe and painless, which permits to decrease the burden of medication, it can be well combined with other methods of treatment, which is especially important in this age group. The earlier it begins, the better the outcome. Therefore, the use of osteopathic treatment might considerably improve the quality of medical care received by infants during their first year of life.