TY - JOUR

T1 - Polymer Electrolytes for Supercapacitors

AU - Chen, X.

AU - Holze, R.

N1 - Export Date: 01 November 2025; Cited By: 9; Correspondence Address: R. Holze; Confucius Energy Storage Lab, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China; email: rudolf.holze@chemie.tu-chemnitz.de

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Because of safety concerns associated with the use of liquid electrolytes and electrolyte solutions, options for non-liquid materials like gels and polymers to be used as ion-conducting electrolytes have been explored intensely, and they attract steadily growing interest from researchers. The low ionic conductivity of most hard and soft solid materials was initially too low for practical applications in supercapacitors, which require low internal resistance of a device and, consequently, highly conducting materials. Even if an additional separator may not be needed when the solid electrolyte already ensures reliable separation of the electrodes, the electrolytes prepared as films or membranes as thin as practically acceptable, resistance may still be too high even today. Recent developments with gel electrolytes sometimes approach or even surpass liquid electrolyte solutions, in terms of effective conductance. This includes materials based on biopolymers, renewable raw materials, materials with biodegradability, and better environmental compatibility. In addition, numerous approaches to improving the electrolyte/electrode interaction have yielded improvements in effective internal device resistance. Reported studies are reviewed, material combinations are sorted out, and trends are identified. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

AB - Because of safety concerns associated with the use of liquid electrolytes and electrolyte solutions, options for non-liquid materials like gels and polymers to be used as ion-conducting electrolytes have been explored intensely, and they attract steadily growing interest from researchers. The low ionic conductivity of most hard and soft solid materials was initially too low for practical applications in supercapacitors, which require low internal resistance of a device and, consequently, highly conducting materials. Even if an additional separator may not be needed when the solid electrolyte already ensures reliable separation of the electrodes, the electrolytes prepared as films or membranes as thin as practically acceptable, resistance may still be too high even today. Recent developments with gel electrolytes sometimes approach or even surpass liquid electrolyte solutions, in terms of effective conductance. This includes materials based on biopolymers, renewable raw materials, materials with biodegradability, and better environmental compatibility. In addition, numerous approaches to improving the electrolyte/electrode interaction have yielded improvements in effective internal device resistance. Reported studies are reviewed, material combinations are sorted out, and trends are identified. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

KW - capacitive storage

KW - electrolytes

KW - gel electrolytes

KW - polymer electrolytes

KW - solid electrolytes

KW - supercapacitor

KW - Capacitor storage

KW - Conducting polymers

KW - Conductive films

KW - Elastomers

KW - Capacitive storage

KW - Electrolyte solutions

KW - Gel electrolyte

KW - Ion conducting electrolytes

KW - Liquid electrolytes

KW - Non-liquid materials

KW - Polymer electrolyte

KW - Safety concerns

KW - Soft-solid

KW - Solid material

KW - Solid electrolytes

U2 - 10.3390/polym16223164

DO - 10.3390/polym16223164

M3 - статья

VL - 16

JO - Polymers

JF - Polymers

SN - 2073-4360

IS - 22

ER -