The authors examine the politico-cultural representations of strategic national political narratives and their influence on the theory and practice of implementing the projects of global leadership. In theoretical discussions, the focus is typically on the socio-economic, logistical, and sociocultural aspects of these projects, emphasizing co-development, mutual benefits and the idea of a “win-win situation.” However, the sustainability of socio-economic policies and the success of humanitarian projects for shaping a convergent or conflict global development order increasingly depend on contradictory political narratives that legitimize claims to global leadership in “Western community,” in China, in India, and in Russia. These narratives, accompanied by information, economic, and proxy wars, significantly impact the implementation of such projects. The challenges in implementing the global leadership project and achieving economic, social, and cultural synergy stem not only from crises in international organizations or national institutions but also from the influence of symbolic structures associated with narratives of “universal development” and of the project participants’ civilizational identities. The study aims to answer two main questions: (1) What distinguishes the symbolic structures of the strategic political narratives of the “Western community” and the alternative national-civilizational narratives, which are central to contemporary geopolitical dynamics? (2) What is the potential for a convergence of and conflict between these narratives and how does it impact the successful implementation of the national-civilizational projects? Drawing on contemporary cultural sociology of politics, the authors propose new theoretical approaches to study the processes of implementation of such projects within the context of modern political communications and the features of politico-cultural traditions.