Standard
Polarized blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks. / Liodakis, Ioannis; Marscher, Alan P.; Agudo, Iván; Berdyugin, Andrei V.; Bernardos, Maria I.; Bonnoli, Giacomo; Borman, George A.; Casadio, Carolina; Casanova, Vı́ctor; Cavazzuti, Elisabetta; Rodriguez Cavero, Nicole; Di Gesu, Laura; Di Lalla, Niccoló; Donnarumma, Immacolata; Ehlert, Steven R.; Errando, Manel; Escudero, Juan; Garcı́a-Comas, Maya; Agı́s-González, Beatriz; Husillos, César; Jormanainen, Jenni; Jorstad, Svetlana G.; Kagitani, Masato; Kopatskaya, Evgenia N.; Kravtsov, Vadim; Krawczynski, Henric; Lindfors, Elina; Larionova, Elena G.; Madejski, Grzegorz M.; Marin, Frédéric; Marchini, Alessandro; Marshall, Herman L.; Morozova, Daria A.; Massaro, Francesco; Masiero, Joseph R.; Mawet, Dimitri; Middei, Riccardo; Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A.; Myserlis, Ioannis; Negro, Michela; Nilsson, Kari; O’Dell, Stephen L.; Omodei, Nicola; Pacciani, Luigi; Paggi, Alessandro; Panopoulou, Georgia V.; Peirson, Abel L.; Perri, Matteo; Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier; Poutanen, Juri; Puccetti, Simonetta; Romani, Roger W.; Sakanoi, Takeshi; Savchenko, Sergey S.; Sota, Alfredo; Tavecchio, Fabrizio; Tinyanont, Samaporn; Vasilyev, Andrey A.; Weaver, Zachary R.; Zhovtan, Alexey V.; Antonelli, Lucio A.; Bachetti, Matteo; Baldini, Luca; Baumgartner, Wayne H.; Bellazzini, Ronaldo; Bianchi, Stefano; Bongiorno, Stephen D.; Bonino, Raffaella; Brez, Alessandro; Bucciantini, Niccoló; Capitanio, Fiamma; Castellano, Simone; Ciprini, Stefano; Costa, Enrico; De Rosa, Alessandra; Del Monte, Ettore; Di Marco, Alessandro; Doroshenko, Victor; Dovčiak, Michal; Enoto, Teruaki; Evangelista, Yuri; Fabiani, Sergio; Ferrazzoli, Riccardo; Garcia, Javier A.; Gunji, Shuichi; Hayashida, Kiyoshi; Heyl, Jeremy; Iwakiri, Wataru; Karas, Vladimir; Kitaguchi, Takao; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.; La Monaca, Fabio; Latronico, Luca; Maldera, Simone; Manfreda, Alberto; Marinucci, Andrea; Matt, Giorgio; Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki; Mizuno, Tsunefumi; Muleri, Fabio; Ng, Stephen C.-Y.; Oppedisano, Chiara; Papitto, Alessandro; Pavlov, George G.; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa; Pilia, Maura; Possenti, Andrea; Ramsey, Brian D.; Rankin, John; Ratheesh, Ajay; Sgró, Carmelo; Slane, Patrick; Soffitta, Paolo; Spandre, Gloria; Tamagawa, Toru; Taverna, Roberto; Tawara, Yuzuru; Tennant, Allyn F.; Thomas, Nicolas E.; Tombesi, Francesco; Trois, Alessio; Tsygankov, Sergey; Turolla, Roberto; Vink, Jacco; Weisskopf, Martin C.; Wu, Kinwah; Xie, Fei; Zane, Silvia.
In:
Nature, Vol. 611, No. 7937, 24.11.2022, p. 677–681.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Harvard
Liodakis, I, Marscher, AP, Agudo, I, Berdyugin, AV, Bernardos, MI, Bonnoli, G, Borman, GA, Casadio, C, Casanova, V, Cavazzuti, E, Rodriguez Cavero, N, Di Gesu, L, Di Lalla, N, Donnarumma, I, Ehlert, SR, Errando, M, Escudero, J, Garcı́a-Comas, M, Agı́s-González, B, Husillos, C, Jormanainen, J
, Jorstad, SG, Kagitani, M
, Kopatskaya, EN, Kravtsov, V, Krawczynski, H, Lindfors, E
, Larionova, EG, Madejski, GM, Marin, F, Marchini, A, Marshall, HL
, Morozova, DA, Massaro, F, Masiero, JR, Mawet, D, Middei, R, Millar-Blanchaer, MA, Myserlis, I, Negro, M, Nilsson, K, O’Dell, SL, Omodei, N, Pacciani, L, Paggi, A, Panopoulou, GV, Peirson, AL, Perri, M, Petrucci, P-O, Poutanen, J, Puccetti, S, Romani, RW, Sakanoi, T
, Savchenko, SS, Sota, A, Tavecchio, F, Tinyanont, S
, Vasilyev, AA, Weaver, ZR, Zhovtan, AV, Antonelli, LA, Bachetti, M, Baldini, L, Baumgartner, WH, Bellazzini, R, Bianchi, S, Bongiorno, SD, Bonino, R, Brez, A, Bucciantini, N, Capitanio, F, Castellano, S, Ciprini, S, Costa, E, De Rosa, A, Del Monte, E, Di Marco, A, Doroshenko, V, Dovčiak, M, Enoto, T, Evangelista, Y, Fabiani, S, Ferrazzoli, R, Garcia, JA, Gunji, S, Hayashida, K, Heyl, J, Iwakiri, W, Karas, V, Kitaguchi, T, Kolodziejczak, JJ, La Monaca, F, Latronico, L, Maldera, S, Manfreda, A, Marinucci, A, Matt, G, Mitsuishi, I, Mizuno, T, Muleri, F, Ng, SC-Y, Oppedisano, C, Papitto, A, Pavlov, GG, Pesce-Rollins, M, Pilia, M, Possenti, A, Ramsey, BD, Rankin, J, Ratheesh, A, Sgró, C, Slane, P, Soffitta, P, Spandre, G, Tamagawa, T, Taverna, R, Tawara, Y, Tennant, AF, Thomas, NE, Tombesi, F, Trois, A, Tsygankov, S, Turolla, R, Vink, J, Weisskopf, MC, Wu, K, Xie, F & Zane, S 2022, '
Polarized blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks',
Nature, vol. 611, no. 7937, pp. 677–681.
https://doi.org/https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.06227,
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2209.06227,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05338-0APA
Liodakis, I., Marscher, A. P., Agudo, I., Berdyugin, A. V., Bernardos, M. I., Bonnoli, G., Borman, G. A., Casadio, C., Casanova, V., Cavazzuti, E., Rodriguez Cavero, N., Di Gesu, L., Di Lalla, N., Donnarumma, I., Ehlert, S. R., Errando, M., Escudero, J., Garcı́a-Comas, M., Agı́s-González, B., ... Zane, S. (2022).
Polarized blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks.
Nature,
611(7937), 677–681.
https://doi.org/https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.06227,
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2209.06227,
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05338-0Vancouver
Author
Liodakis, Ioannis ; Marscher, Alan P. ; Agudo, Iván ; Berdyugin, Andrei V. ; Bernardos, Maria I. ; Bonnoli, Giacomo ; Borman, George A. ; Casadio, Carolina ; Casanova, Vı́ctor ; Cavazzuti, Elisabetta ; Rodriguez Cavero, Nicole ; Di Gesu, Laura ; Di Lalla, Niccoló ; Donnarumma, Immacolata ; Ehlert, Steven R. ; Errando, Manel ; Escudero, Juan ; Garcı́a-Comas, Maya ; Agı́s-González, Beatriz ; Husillos, César ; Jormanainen, Jenni
; Jorstad, Svetlana G. ; Kagitani, Masato
; Kopatskaya, Evgenia N. ; Kravtsov, Vadim ; Krawczynski, Henric ; Lindfors, Elina
; Larionova, Elena G. ; Madejski, Grzegorz M. ; Marin, Frédéric ; Marchini, Alessandro ; Marshall, Herman L.
; Morozova, Daria A. ; Massaro, Francesco ; Masiero, Joseph R. ; Mawet, Dimitri ; Middei, Riccardo ; Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A. ; Myserlis, Ioannis ; Negro, Michela ; Nilsson, Kari ; O’Dell, Stephen L. ; Omodei, Nicola ; Pacciani, Luigi ; Paggi, Alessandro ; Panopoulou, Georgia V. ; Peirson, Abel L. ; Perri, Matteo ; Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier ; Poutanen, Juri ; Puccetti, Simonetta ; Romani, Roger W. ; Sakanoi, Takeshi
; Savchenko, Sergey S. ; Sota, Alfredo ; Tavecchio, Fabrizio ; Tinyanont, Samaporn
; Vasilyev, Andrey A. ; Weaver, Zachary R. ; Zhovtan, Alexey V. ; Antonelli, Lucio A. ; Bachetti, Matteo ; Baldini, Luca ; Baumgartner, Wayne H. ; Bellazzini, Ronaldo ; Bianchi, Stefano ; Bongiorno, Stephen D. ; Bonino, Raffaella ; Brez, Alessandro ; Bucciantini, Niccoló ; Capitanio, Fiamma ; Castellano, Simone ; Ciprini, Stefano ; Costa, Enrico ; De Rosa, Alessandra ; Del Monte, Ettore ; Di Marco, Alessandro ; Doroshenko, Victor ; Dovčiak, Michal ; Enoto, Teruaki ; Evangelista, Yuri ; Fabiani, Sergio ; Ferrazzoli, Riccardo ; Garcia, Javier A. ; Gunji, Shuichi ; Hayashida, Kiyoshi ; Heyl, Jeremy ; Iwakiri, Wataru ; Karas, Vladimir ; Kitaguchi, Takao ; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. ; La Monaca, Fabio ; Latronico, Luca ; Maldera, Simone ; Manfreda, Alberto ; Marinucci, Andrea ; Matt, Giorgio ; Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki ; Mizuno, Tsunefumi ; Muleri, Fabio ; Ng, Stephen C.-Y. ; Oppedisano, Chiara ; Papitto, Alessandro ; Pavlov, George G. ; Pesce-Rollins, Melissa ; Pilia, Maura ; Possenti, Andrea ; Ramsey, Brian D. ; Rankin, John ; Ratheesh, Ajay ; Sgró, Carmelo ; Slane, Patrick ; Soffitta, Paolo ; Spandre, Gloria ; Tamagawa, Toru ; Taverna, Roberto ; Tawara, Yuzuru ; Tennant, Allyn F. ; Thomas, Nicolas E. ; Tombesi, Francesco ; Trois, Alessio ; Tsygankov, Sergey ; Turolla, Roberto ; Vink, Jacco ; Weisskopf, Martin C. ; Wu, Kinwah ; Xie, Fei ; Zane, Silvia. /
Polarized blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks. In:
Nature. 2022 ; Vol. 611, No. 7937. pp. 677–681.
BibTeX
@article{96605467533f41e98f0bd27be19f5ec4,
title = "Polarized blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks",
abstract = "Most of the light from blazars, active galactic nuclei with jets of magnetized plasma that point nearly along the line of sight, is produced by high-energy particles, up to around 1 TeV. Although the jets are known to be ultimately powered by a supermassive black hole, how the particles are accelerated to such high energies has been an unanswered question. The process must be related to the magnetic field, which can be probed by observations of the polarization of light from the jets. Measurements of the radio to optical polarization—the only range available until now—probe extended regions of the jet containing particles that left the acceleration site days to years earlier 1–3, and hence do not directly explore the acceleration mechanism, as could X-ray measurements. Here we report the detection of X-ray polarization from the blazar Markarian 501 (Mrk 501). We measure an X-ray linear polarization degree Π X of around 10%, which is a factor of around 2 higher than the value at optical wavelengths, with a polarization angle parallel to the radio jet. This points to a shock front as the source of particle acceleration and also implies that the plasma becomes increasingly turbulent with distance from the shock. ",
keywords = "astro-ph.HE",
author = "Ioannis Liodakis and Marscher, {Alan P.} and Iv{\'a}n Agudo and Berdyugin, {Andrei V.} and Bernardos, {Maria I.} and Giacomo Bonnoli and Borman, {George A.} and Carolina Casadio and V{\'ı}ctor Casanova and Elisabetta Cavazzuti and {Rodriguez Cavero}, Nicole and {Di Gesu}, Laura and {Di Lalla}, Niccol{\'o} and Immacolata Donnarumma and Ehlert, {Steven R.} and Manel Errando and Juan Escudero and Maya Garc{\'ı}a-Comas and Beatriz Ag{\'ı}s-Gonz{\'a}lez and C{\'e}sar Husillos and Jenni Jormanainen and Jorstad, {Svetlana G.} and Masato Kagitani and Kopatskaya, {Evgenia N.} and Vadim Kravtsov and Henric Krawczynski and Elina Lindfors and Larionova, {Elena G.} and Madejski, {Grzegorz M.} and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Marin and Alessandro Marchini and Marshall, {Herman L.} and Morozova, {Daria A.} and Francesco Massaro and Masiero, {Joseph R.} and Dimitri Mawet and Riccardo Middei and Millar-Blanchaer, {Maxwell A.} and Ioannis Myserlis and Michela Negro and Kari Nilsson and O{\textquoteright}Dell, {Stephen L.} and Nicola Omodei and Luigi Pacciani and Alessandro Paggi and Panopoulou, {Georgia V.} and Peirson, {Abel L.} and Matteo Perri and Pierre-Olivier Petrucci and Juri Poutanen and Simonetta Puccetti and Romani, {Roger W.} and Takeshi Sakanoi and Savchenko, {Sergey S.} and Alfredo Sota and Fabrizio Tavecchio and Samaporn Tinyanont and Vasilyev, {Andrey A.} and Weaver, {Zachary R.} and Zhovtan, {Alexey V.} and Antonelli, {Lucio A.} and Matteo Bachetti and Luca Baldini and Baumgartner, {Wayne H.} and Ronaldo Bellazzini and Stefano Bianchi and Bongiorno, {Stephen D.} and Raffaella Bonino and Alessandro Brez and Niccol{\'o} Bucciantini and Fiamma Capitanio and Simone Castellano and Stefano Ciprini and Enrico Costa and {De Rosa}, Alessandra and {Del Monte}, Ettore and {Di Marco}, Alessandro and Victor Doroshenko and Michal Dov{\v c}iak and Teruaki Enoto and Yuri Evangelista and Sergio Fabiani and Riccardo Ferrazzoli and Garcia, {Javier A.} and Shuichi Gunji and Kiyoshi Hayashida and Jeremy Heyl and Wataru Iwakiri and Vladimir Karas and Takao Kitaguchi and Kolodziejczak, {Jeffery J.} and {La Monaca}, Fabio and Luca Latronico and Simone Maldera and Alberto Manfreda and Andrea Marinucci and Giorgio Matt and Ikuyuki Mitsuishi and Tsunefumi Mizuno and Fabio Muleri and Ng, {Stephen C.-Y.} and Chiara Oppedisano and Alessandro Papitto and Pavlov, {George G.} and Melissa Pesce-Rollins and Maura Pilia and Andrea Possenti and Ramsey, {Brian D.} and John Rankin and Ajay Ratheesh and Carmelo Sgr{\'o} and Patrick Slane and Paolo Soffitta and Gloria Spandre and Toru Tamagawa and Roberto Taverna and Yuzuru Tawara and Tennant, {Allyn F.} and Thomas, {Nicolas E.} and Francesco Tombesi and Alessio Trois and Sergey Tsygankov and Roberto Turolla and Jacco Vink and Weisskopf, {Martin C.} and Kinwah Wu and Fei Xie and Silvia Zane",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",
year = "2022",
month = nov,
day = "24",
doi = "https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.06227",
language = "English",
volume = "611",
pages = "677–681",
journal = "Nature",
issn = "0028-0836",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "7937",
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - Polarized blazar X-rays imply particle acceleration in shocks
AU - Liodakis, Ioannis
AU - Marscher, Alan P.
AU - Agudo, Iván
AU - Berdyugin, Andrei V.
AU - Bernardos, Maria I.
AU - Bonnoli, Giacomo
AU - Borman, George A.
AU - Casadio, Carolina
AU - Casanova, Vı́ctor
AU - Cavazzuti, Elisabetta
AU - Rodriguez Cavero, Nicole
AU - Di Gesu, Laura
AU - Di Lalla, Niccoló
AU - Donnarumma, Immacolata
AU - Ehlert, Steven R.
AU - Errando, Manel
AU - Escudero, Juan
AU - Garcı́a-Comas, Maya
AU - Agı́s-González, Beatriz
AU - Husillos, César
AU - Jormanainen, Jenni
AU - Jorstad, Svetlana G.
AU - Kagitani, Masato
AU - Kopatskaya, Evgenia N.
AU - Kravtsov, Vadim
AU - Krawczynski, Henric
AU - Lindfors, Elina
AU - Larionova, Elena G.
AU - Madejski, Grzegorz M.
AU - Marin, Frédéric
AU - Marchini, Alessandro
AU - Marshall, Herman L.
AU - Morozova, Daria A.
AU - Massaro, Francesco
AU - Masiero, Joseph R.
AU - Mawet, Dimitri
AU - Middei, Riccardo
AU - Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A.
AU - Myserlis, Ioannis
AU - Negro, Michela
AU - Nilsson, Kari
AU - O’Dell, Stephen L.
AU - Omodei, Nicola
AU - Pacciani, Luigi
AU - Paggi, Alessandro
AU - Panopoulou, Georgia V.
AU - Peirson, Abel L.
AU - Perri, Matteo
AU - Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier
AU - Poutanen, Juri
AU - Puccetti, Simonetta
AU - Romani, Roger W.
AU - Sakanoi, Takeshi
AU - Savchenko, Sergey S.
AU - Sota, Alfredo
AU - Tavecchio, Fabrizio
AU - Tinyanont, Samaporn
AU - Vasilyev, Andrey A.
AU - Weaver, Zachary R.
AU - Zhovtan, Alexey V.
AU - Antonelli, Lucio A.
AU - Bachetti, Matteo
AU - Baldini, Luca
AU - Baumgartner, Wayne H.
AU - Bellazzini, Ronaldo
AU - Bianchi, Stefano
AU - Bongiorno, Stephen D.
AU - Bonino, Raffaella
AU - Brez, Alessandro
AU - Bucciantini, Niccoló
AU - Capitanio, Fiamma
AU - Castellano, Simone
AU - Ciprini, Stefano
AU - Costa, Enrico
AU - De Rosa, Alessandra
AU - Del Monte, Ettore
AU - Di Marco, Alessandro
AU - Doroshenko, Victor
AU - Dovčiak, Michal
AU - Enoto, Teruaki
AU - Evangelista, Yuri
AU - Fabiani, Sergio
AU - Ferrazzoli, Riccardo
AU - Garcia, Javier A.
AU - Gunji, Shuichi
AU - Hayashida, Kiyoshi
AU - Heyl, Jeremy
AU - Iwakiri, Wataru
AU - Karas, Vladimir
AU - Kitaguchi, Takao
AU - Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.
AU - La Monaca, Fabio
AU - Latronico, Luca
AU - Maldera, Simone
AU - Manfreda, Alberto
AU - Marinucci, Andrea
AU - Matt, Giorgio
AU - Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki
AU - Mizuno, Tsunefumi
AU - Muleri, Fabio
AU - Ng, Stephen C.-Y.
AU - Oppedisano, Chiara
AU - Papitto, Alessandro
AU - Pavlov, George G.
AU - Pesce-Rollins, Melissa
AU - Pilia, Maura
AU - Possenti, Andrea
AU - Ramsey, Brian D.
AU - Rankin, John
AU - Ratheesh, Ajay
AU - Sgró, Carmelo
AU - Slane, Patrick
AU - Soffitta, Paolo
AU - Spandre, Gloria
AU - Tamagawa, Toru
AU - Taverna, Roberto
AU - Tawara, Yuzuru
AU - Tennant, Allyn F.
AU - Thomas, Nicolas E.
AU - Tombesi, Francesco
AU - Trois, Alessio
AU - Tsygankov, Sergey
AU - Turolla, Roberto
AU - Vink, Jacco
AU - Weisskopf, Martin C.
AU - Wu, Kinwah
AU - Xie, Fei
AU - Zane, Silvia
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/11/24
Y1 - 2022/11/24
N2 - Most of the light from blazars, active galactic nuclei with jets of magnetized plasma that point nearly along the line of sight, is produced by high-energy particles, up to around 1 TeV. Although the jets are known to be ultimately powered by a supermassive black hole, how the particles are accelerated to such high energies has been an unanswered question. The process must be related to the magnetic field, which can be probed by observations of the polarization of light from the jets. Measurements of the radio to optical polarization—the only range available until now—probe extended regions of the jet containing particles that left the acceleration site days to years earlier
1–3, and hence do not directly explore the acceleration mechanism, as could X-ray measurements. Here we report the detection of X-ray polarization from the blazar Markarian 501 (Mrk 501). We measure an X-ray linear polarization degree Π
X of around 10%, which is a factor of around 2 higher than the value at optical wavelengths, with a polarization angle parallel to the radio jet. This points to a shock front as the source of particle acceleration and also implies that the plasma becomes increasingly turbulent with distance from the shock.
AB - Most of the light from blazars, active galactic nuclei with jets of magnetized plasma that point nearly along the line of sight, is produced by high-energy particles, up to around 1 TeV. Although the jets are known to be ultimately powered by a supermassive black hole, how the particles are accelerated to such high energies has been an unanswered question. The process must be related to the magnetic field, which can be probed by observations of the polarization of light from the jets. Measurements of the radio to optical polarization—the only range available until now—probe extended regions of the jet containing particles that left the acceleration site days to years earlier
1–3, and hence do not directly explore the acceleration mechanism, as could X-ray measurements. Here we report the detection of X-ray polarization from the blazar Markarian 501 (Mrk 501). We measure an X-ray linear polarization degree Π
X of around 10%, which is a factor of around 2 higher than the value at optical wavelengths, with a polarization angle parallel to the radio jet. This points to a shock front as the source of particle acceleration and also implies that the plasma becomes increasingly turbulent with distance from the shock.
KW - astro-ph.HE
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85142454147&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.06227
DO - https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.06227
M3 - Article
VL - 611
SP - 677
EP - 681
JO - Nature
JF - Nature
SN - 0028-0836
IS - 7937
ER -
