TY - JOUR

T1 - Phenological responses of the Arctic, ubiquitous, and boreal copepod species to long‑term changes in the annual seasonality of the water temperature in the White Sea

AU - Усов, Николай

AU - Хайтов, Вадим Михайлович

AU - Кутчева, Инна

AU - Мартынова, Дарья

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

PY - 2021/5

Y1 - 2021/5

N2 - The process of climate change by which global temperatures increase and seasonal shifts occur is more pronounced at higher latitudes. These changes induce shifts in the phenology of biota, including zooplankton. Regression analysis revealed signifcant advance of the spring–summer water warming in the sub-Arctic White Sea (Chupa Inlet, Kandalaksha Bay), which occurs 3 weeks earlier in the last decade compared with 1961. The shift of timing of phenological events of Calanus glacialis, Pseudocalanus spp., Microsetella norvegica, Oithona similis, Acartia spp., Centropages hamatus, and Temora longicornisis particularly pronounced. These shifts were accompanied by a signifcant increase in Calanus and Microsetella abundance with an observed decrease in Acartia abundance. No correlation between population abundance and year-to-year changes in the species phenology was determined. We propose hypotheses to explain species adaptation to these phenological shifts in the ecosystem: (1) fexibility of life cycle of planktonic copepods, which ensures synchronization of life cycle phases with key events in the environment; and (2) copepod ability to switch to carnivory when algal sources are scarce. Interspecifc interactions between ubiquitous species infuenced their phenology and abundance, while early development of Microsetellacaused later development of Oithona and higher abundance of the latter. We speculate that competition for food resources is a driving factor in the interactions, since the trophic niches of these species overlap.

AB - The process of climate change by which global temperatures increase and seasonal shifts occur is more pronounced at higher latitudes. These changes induce shifts in the phenology of biota, including zooplankton. Regression analysis revealed signifcant advance of the spring–summer water warming in the sub-Arctic White Sea (Chupa Inlet, Kandalaksha Bay), which occurs 3 weeks earlier in the last decade compared with 1961. The shift of timing of phenological events of Calanus glacialis, Pseudocalanus spp., Microsetella norvegica, Oithona similis, Acartia spp., Centropages hamatus, and Temora longicornisis particularly pronounced. These shifts were accompanied by a signifcant increase in Calanus and Microsetella abundance with an observed decrease in Acartia abundance. No correlation between population abundance and year-to-year changes in the species phenology was determined. We propose hypotheses to explain species adaptation to these phenological shifts in the ecosystem: (1) fexibility of life cycle of planktonic copepods, which ensures synchronization of life cycle phases with key events in the environment; and (2) copepod ability to switch to carnivory when algal sources are scarce. Interspecifc interactions between ubiquitous species infuenced their phenology and abundance, while early development of Microsetellacaused later development of Oithona and higher abundance of the latter. We speculate that competition for food resources is a driving factor in the interactions, since the trophic niches of these species overlap.

KW - Copepoda

KW - Long-term changes

KW - Phenology

KW - Water temperature

KW - White Sea

KW - Zooplankton

KW - OITHONA-SIMILIS

KW - MESOZOOPLANKTON

KW - ACARTIA SPP.

KW - CALANUS-GLACIALIS

KW - CLIMATE-CHANGE

KW - ZOOPLANKTON

KW - ABUNDANCE

KW - COMMUNITY

KW - TIME-SERIES

KW - POPULATION-DYNAMICS

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85104799640&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/23746d73-a7ab-33ad-baba-46ff4d1a905a/

U2 - 10.1007/s00300-021-02851-2

DO - 10.1007/s00300-021-02851-2

M3 - Article

VL - 44

SP - 959

EP - 976

JO - Polar Biology

JF - Polar Biology

SN - 0722-4060

IS - 5

ER -