The pathophysiology of sporadic miscarriage in early pregnancy is complex and includes chromosomal defects, thrombotic disorders, and elevated chronic systemic inflammation levels in particular. The associations between hypovitaminoses, dysmicroelementoses, and the pathophysiology of thrombophilia and chronic inflammation point to the promise for replenishing vitamin and mineral deficiencies to lower the risk of early pregnancy losses (EPL). The paper presents the results of fundamental and clinical studies of the relationship between reproductive losses and the provision of patients with vitamins B₉, D, E, B₁₂, folate, iron, selenium, zinc, magnesium, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In order to prevent EPL, vitamin E mono-preparations are not recommended for administration especially in large doses during pregnancy. In women with unexplained EPL, vitamin D₃ deficiency (at serum 25(OH)D₃ concentration less than 30 ng/ml) should be compensated, since the low vitamin D status reduces the effects of progesterone, increases the risk of thrombogenesis and inflammation, and is associated with a decrease in regulatory T-lymphocytes. In order to prevent spontaneous abortion, it is optimal to take multicomponent vitamin and mineral complexes. Vitamin D deficiency is most effectively compensated with a combination of vitamins A, C, B₁, B₂, B₅, B₆, B₉, and omega-3 PUFAs. Conclusion. Vitamin and micronutrient deficiencies in women with EPL are an urgent problem in obstetrics. Compensation of micronutrient deficiencies is a pathophysiological approach to reducing the risk of EPL.