In Russian literary scholarship, the study of Lomonosov's spiritual poetry is based on the principle of extra-literary interpretation. The present study argues, however, that inner-literary factors, most of all the genre context, should take precedence. Such an analysis of Lomonosov's spiritual poetry enables us to uncover its fundamental intention - an effort to identify the harmonious basis of existence (bytie) in the framework of a cosmos simultaneously seen as the microcosm of man and the macrocosm of the universe.