At the present time, the methods for the measurement and prediction of the dynamic strength of materials are complicated and unstandardized. An experimental data processing method based on the incubation time criterion is considered. Only a finite number of measurements containing random errors and limited statistical information are usually available in practice, since dynamic tests are laborious, and every individual test requires a lot of time. This strongly restricts the number of applicable data processing methods unless we are satisfied with approximate and heuristic solutions. The method of sign-perturbed sums (SPS) is used for the estimation of finite-sample confidence regions with a specified confidence probability under the assumption of noise symmetries. It is shown that several experimental points are sufficient to determine the strength parameter with an accuracy acceptable for engineering calculations. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated in the processing of a number of experiments on the dynamic fracture of rocks.