The paper summarizes the results of the research into the use of polyethoxylates modified with isocyanates and fatty alcohol in the processes of textile finishing. It was showed that they can be used both as thickeners of pigment compositions based on polyurethane binders for the printing of textile materials and as components of compositions for printing with disperse dyes. The research also revealed the features of rheological behavior of thickening based on modified polyethoxylates and the ways of improvement of their pseudoplastic properties. It was found that modified polyethoxylates simultaneously act as protective colloids, which significantly increases their shelf life as compared with typical pigment compositions. The application of modified polyethoxylates allows reducing the number of components in the textile finishing compositions. First, the thickeners based on modified polyethoxylates act as intensifiers in the process of fixation on synthetic fibers during printing by disperse dyes, which allows decreasing the dye content in the composition for printing and thus reducing its consumption maintaining color intensity. Second, the efficiency of modified polyethoxylates as intensifiers of moisture adsorption allows reducing or even completely eliminating the content of hydrotropic substances (in particular, urea) that are present in typical compositions. Third, the use of modified polyethoxylates in pigment compositions results in complete removal of special softeners from compositions, since polyethoxylates act as effective softeners of printed fabrics.