Standard

Millimeter Light Curves of Sagittarius A* Observed during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign. / Wielgus, Maciek; Marchili, Nicola; Martí-Vidal, Iván; Keating, Garrett K.; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh; Tiede, Paul; Fomalont, Ed; Issaoun, Sara; Neilsen, Joey; Nowak, Michael A.; Blackburn, Lindy; Gammie, Charles F.; Goddi, Ciriaco; Haggard, Daryl; Lee, Daeyoung; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Chan, Chi-kwan; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chesler, Paul M.; Dexter, Jason; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Georgiev, Boris; Gurwell, Mark; Johnson, Michael D.; Marrone, Daniel P.; Mus, Alejandro; Psaltis, Dimitrios; Ripperda, Bart; Witzel, Gunther; Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Carlos Algaba, Juan; Anantua, Richard; Asada, Keiichi; Azulay, Rebecca; Bach, Uwe; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Ball, David; Baloković, Mislav; Barrett, John; Bauböck, Michi; Benson, Bradford A.; Bintley, Dan; Blundell, Raymond; Boland, Wilfred; Bouman, Katherine L.; Boyce, Hope; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke; Broderick, Avery E.; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Bustamante, Sandra; Byun, Do-Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Ceccobello, Chiara; Chael, Andrew; Chatterjee, Shami; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Cho, Ilje; Christian, Pierre; Conroy, Nicholas S.; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crawford, Thomas M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Cui, Yuzhu; Davelaar, Jordy; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Dhruv, Vedant; Dzib, Sergio A.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Emami, Razieh; Falcke, Heino; Farah, Joseph; Fish, Vincent L.; Alyson Ford, H.; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Freeman, William T.; Friberg, Per; Fromm, Christian M.; Fuentes, Antonio; Galison, Peter; García, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Gold, Roman; Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I.; Gómez, José L.; Gu, Minfeng; Hada, Kazuhiro; Haworth, Kari; Hecht, Michael H.; Hesper, Ronald; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Ikeda, Shiro; Violette Impellizzeri, C. M.; Inoue, Makoto; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Janssen, Michael; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra; Jorstad, Svetlana; Joshi, Abhishek V.; Jung, Taehyun; Karami, Mansour; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kawashima, Tomohisa; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Dong-Jin; Kim, Jae-Young; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Junhan; Kino, Motoki; Yi Koay, Jun; Kocherlakota, Prashant; Kofuji, Yutaro; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Carsten; Kramer, Michael; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; La Bella, Noemi; Lauer, Tod R.; Lee, Sang-Sung; Kin Leung, Po; Levis, Aviad; Li, Zhiyuan; Lico, Rocco; Lindahl, Greg; Lindqvist, Michael; Lisakov, Mikhail; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin; Lu, Ru-Sen; Mao, Jirong; Markoff, Sera; Marscher, Alan P.; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Medeiros, Lia; Menten, Karl M.; Michalik, Daniel; Mizuno, Izumi; Mizuno, Yosuke; Moran, James M.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Müller, Cornelia; Musoke, Gibwa; Myserlis, Ioannis; Nadolski, Andrew; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayan, Ramesh; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Nathanail, Antonios; Navarro Fuentes, Santiago; Neri, Roberto; Ni, Chunchong; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Oh, Junghwan; Okino, Hiroki; Olivares, Héctor; Ortiz-León, Gisela N.; Oyama, Tomoaki; Özel, Feryal; Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Filippos Paraschos, Georgios; Park, Jongho; Parsons, Harriet; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue-Li; Pesce, Dominic W.; Piétu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; PopStefanija, Aleksandar; Porth, Oliver; Pötzl, Felix M.; Prather, Ben; Preciado-López, Jorge A.; Pu, Hung-Yi; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Rezzolla, Luciano; Ricarte, Angelo; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Romero-Canizales, Cristina; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruiz, Ignacio; Ruszczyk, Chet; Rygl, Kazi L. J.; Sánchez, Salvador; Sánchez-Argüelles, David; Sánchez-Portal, Miguel; Sasada, Mahito; Satapathy, Kaushik; Savolainen, Tuomas; Peter Schloerb, F.; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Small, Des; Won Sohn, Bong; SooHoo, Jason; Souccar, Kamal; Sun, He; Tazaki, Fumie; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Titus, Michael; Torne, Pablo; Traianou, Efthalia; Trent, Tyler; Trippe, Sascha; van Bemmel, Ilse; Jan van Langevelde, Huib; van Rossum, Daniel R.; Vos, Jesse; Wagner, Jan; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Wardle, John; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wiik, Kaj; Wondrak, Michael F.; Wong, George N.; Wu, Qingwen; Yamaguchi, Paul; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, André; Young, Ken; Younsi, Ziri; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Anton Zensus, J.; Zhang, Shuo; Zhao, Guang-Yao; Zhao, Shan-Shan.

In: Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 930, No. 2, L19, 2022.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Harvard

Wielgus, M, Marchili, N, Martí-Vidal, I, Keating, GK, Ramakrishnan, V, Tiede, P, Fomalont, E, Issaoun, S, Neilsen, J, Nowak, MA, Blackburn, L, Gammie, CF, Goddi, C, Haggard, D, Lee, D, Moscibrodzka, M, Tetarenko, AJ, Bower, GC, Chan, C, Chatterjee, K, Chesler, PM, Dexter, J, Doeleman, SS, Georgiev, B, Gurwell, M, Johnson, MD, Marrone, DP, Mus, A, Psaltis, D, Ripperda, B, Witzel, G, Akiyama, K, Alberdi, A, Alef, W, Carlos Algaba, J, Anantua, R, Asada, K, Azulay, R, Bach, U, Baczko, A-K, Ball, D, Baloković, M, Barrett, J, Bauböck, M, Benson, BA, Bintley, D, Blundell, R, Boland, W, Bouman, KL, Boyce, H, Bremer, M, Brinkerink, CD, Brissenden, R, Britzen, S, Broderick, AE, Broguiere, D, Bronzwaer, T, Bustamante, S, Byun, D-Y, Carlstrom, JE, Ceccobello, C, Chael, A, Chatterjee, S, Chen, M-T, Chen, Y, Cho, I, Christian, P, Conroy, NS, Conway, JE, Cordes, JM, Crawford, TM, Crew, GB, Cruz-Osorio, A, Cui, Y, Davelaar, J, De Laurentis, M, Deane, R, Dempsey, J, Desvignes, G, Dhruv, V, Dzib, SA, Eatough, RP, Emami, R, Falcke, H, Farah, J, Fish, VL, Alyson Ford, H, Fraga-Encinas, R, Freeman, WT, Friberg, P, Fromm, CM, Fuentes, A, Galison, P, García, R, Gentaz, O, Gold, R, Gómez-Ruiz, AI, Gómez, JL, Gu, M, Hada, K, Haworth, K, Hecht, MH, Hesper, R, Ho, LC, Ho, P, Honma, M, Huang, C-WL, Huang, L, Hughes, DH, Ikeda, S, Violette Impellizzeri, CM, Inoue, M, James, DJ, Jannuzi, BT, Janssen, M, Jeter, B, Jiang, W, Jiménez-Rosales, A, Jorstad, S, Joshi, AV, Jung, T, Karami, M, Karuppusamy, R, Kawashima, T, Kettenis, M, Kim, D-J, Kim, J-Y, Kim, J, Kim, J, Kino, M, Yi Koay, J, Kocherlakota, P, Kofuji, Y, Koch, PM, Koyama, S, Kramer, C, Kramer, M, Krichbaum, TP, Kuo, C-Y, La Bella, N, Lauer, TR, Lee, S-S, Kin Leung, P, Levis, A, Li, Z, Lico, R, Lindahl, G, Lindqvist, M, Lisakov, M, Liu, J, Liu, K, Liuzzo, E, Lo, W-P, Lobanov, AP, Loinard, L, Lonsdale, C, Lu, R-S, Mao, J, Markoff, S, Marscher, AP, Matsushita, S, Matthews, LD, Medeiros, L, Menten, KM, Michalik, D, Mizuno, I, Mizuno, Y, Moran, JM, Moriyama, K, Müller, C, Musoke, G, Myserlis, I, Nadolski, A, Nagai, H, Nagar, NM, Nakamura, M, Narayan, R, Narayanan, G, Natarajan, I, Nathanail, A, Navarro Fuentes, S, Neri, R, Ni, C, Noutsos, A, Oh, J, Okino, H, Olivares, H, Ortiz-León, GN, Oyama, T, Özel, F, Palumbo, DCM, Filippos Paraschos, G, Park, J, Parsons, H, Patel, N, Pen, U-L, Pesce, DW, Piétu, V, Plambeck, R, PopStefanija, A, Porth, O, Pötzl, FM, Prather, B, Preciado-López, JA, Pu, H-Y, Rao, R, Rawlings, MG, Raymond, AW, Rezzolla, L, Ricarte, A, Roelofs, F, Rogers, A, Ros, E, Romero-Canizales, C, Roshanineshat, A, Rottmann, H, Roy, AL, Ruiz, I, Ruszczyk, C, Rygl, KLJ, Sánchez, S, Sánchez-Argüelles, D, Sánchez-Portal, M, Sasada, M, Satapathy, K, Savolainen, T, Peter Schloerb, F, Schuster, K-F, Shao, L, Shen, Z, Small, D, Won Sohn, B, SooHoo, J, Souccar, K, Sun, H, Tazaki, F, Tilanus, RPJ, Titus, M, Torne, P, Traianou, E, Trent, T, Trippe, S, van Bemmel, I, Jan van Langevelde, H, van Rossum, DR, Vos, J, Wagner, J, Ward-Thompson, D, Wardle, J, Weintroub, J, Wex, N, Wharton, R, Wiik, K, Wondrak, MF, Wong, GN, Wu, Q, Yamaguchi, P, Yoon, D, Young, A, Young, K, Younsi, Z, Yuan, F, Yuan, Y-F, Anton Zensus, J, Zhang, S, Zhao, G-Y & Zhao, S-S 2022, 'Millimeter Light Curves of Sagittarius A* Observed during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign', Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 930, no. 2, L19. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6428

APA

Wielgus, M., Marchili, N., Martí-Vidal, I., Keating, G. K., Ramakrishnan, V., Tiede, P., Fomalont, E., Issaoun, S., Neilsen, J., Nowak, M. A., Blackburn, L., Gammie, C. F., Goddi, C., Haggard, D., Lee, D., Moscibrodzka, M., Tetarenko, A. J., Bower, G. C., Chan, C., ... Zhao, S-S. (2022). Millimeter Light Curves of Sagittarius A* Observed during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign. Astrophysical Journal Letters, 930(2), [L19]. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6428

Vancouver

Wielgus M, Marchili N, Martí-Vidal I, Keating GK, Ramakrishnan V, Tiede P et al. Millimeter Light Curves of Sagittarius A* Observed during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign. Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2022;930(2). L19. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6428

Author

Wielgus, Maciek ; Marchili, Nicola ; Martí-Vidal, Iván ; Keating, Garrett K. ; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh ; Tiede, Paul ; Fomalont, Ed ; Issaoun, Sara ; Neilsen, Joey ; Nowak, Michael A. ; Blackburn, Lindy ; Gammie, Charles F. ; Goddi, Ciriaco ; Haggard, Daryl ; Lee, Daeyoung ; Moscibrodzka, Monika ; Tetarenko, Alexandra J. ; Bower, Geoffrey C. ; Chan, Chi-kwan ; Chatterjee, Koushik ; Chesler, Paul M. ; Dexter, Jason ; Doeleman, Sheperd S. ; Georgiev, Boris ; Gurwell, Mark ; Johnson, Michael D. ; Marrone, Daniel P. ; Mus, Alejandro ; Psaltis, Dimitrios ; Ripperda, Bart ; Witzel, Gunther ; Akiyama, Kazunori ; Alberdi, Antxon ; Alef, Walter ; Carlos Algaba, Juan ; Anantua, Richard ; Asada, Keiichi ; Azulay, Rebecca ; Bach, Uwe ; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin ; Ball, David ; Baloković, Mislav ; Barrett, John ; Bauböck, Michi ; Benson, Bradford A. ; Bintley, Dan ; Blundell, Raymond ; Boland, Wilfred ; Bouman, Katherine L. ; Boyce, Hope ; Bremer, Michael ; Brinkerink, Christiaan D. ; Brissenden, Roger ; Britzen, Silke ; Broderick, Avery E. ; Broguiere, Dominique ; Bronzwaer, Thomas ; Bustamante, Sandra ; Byun, Do-Young ; Carlstrom, John E. ; Ceccobello, Chiara ; Chael, Andrew ; Chatterjee, Shami ; Chen, Ming-Tang ; Chen, Yongjun ; Cho, Ilje ; Christian, Pierre ; Conroy, Nicholas S. ; Conway, John E. ; Cordes, James M. ; Crawford, Thomas M. ; Crew, Geoffrey B. ; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro ; Cui, Yuzhu ; Davelaar, Jordy ; De Laurentis, Mariafelicia ; Deane, Roger ; Dempsey, Jessica ; Desvignes, Gregory ; Dhruv, Vedant ; Dzib, Sergio A. ; Eatough, Ralph P. ; Emami, Razieh ; Falcke, Heino ; Farah, Joseph ; Fish, Vincent L. ; Alyson Ford, H. ; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel ; Freeman, William T. ; Friberg, Per ; Fromm, Christian M. ; Fuentes, Antonio ; Galison, Peter ; García, Roberto ; Gentaz, Olivier ; Gold, Roman ; Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. ; Gómez, José L. ; Gu, Minfeng ; Hada, Kazuhiro ; Haworth, Kari ; Hecht, Michael H. ; Hesper, Ronald ; Ho, Luis C. ; Ho, Paul ; Honma, Mareki ; Huang, Chih-Wei L. ; Huang, Lei ; Hughes, David H. ; Ikeda, Shiro ; Violette Impellizzeri, C. M. ; Inoue, Makoto ; James, David J. ; Jannuzi, Buell T. ; Janssen, Michael ; Jeter, Britton ; Jiang, Wu ; Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra ; Jorstad, Svetlana ; Joshi, Abhishek V. ; Jung, Taehyun ; Karami, Mansour ; Karuppusamy, Ramesh ; Kawashima, Tomohisa ; Kettenis, Mark ; Kim, Dong-Jin ; Kim, Jae-Young ; Kim, Jongsoo ; Kim, Junhan ; Kino, Motoki ; Yi Koay, Jun ; Kocherlakota, Prashant ; Kofuji, Yutaro ; Koch, Patrick M. ; Koyama, Shoko ; Kramer, Carsten ; Kramer, Michael ; Krichbaum, Thomas P. ; Kuo, Cheng-Yu ; La Bella, Noemi ; Lauer, Tod R. ; Lee, Sang-Sung ; Kin Leung, Po ; Levis, Aviad ; Li, Zhiyuan ; Lico, Rocco ; Lindahl, Greg ; Lindqvist, Michael ; Lisakov, Mikhail ; Liu, Jun ; Liu, Kuo ; Liuzzo, Elisabetta ; Lo, Wen-Ping ; Lobanov, Andrei P. ; Loinard, Laurent ; Lonsdale, Colin ; Lu, Ru-Sen ; Mao, Jirong ; Markoff, Sera ; Marscher, Alan P. ; Matsushita, Satoki ; Matthews, Lynn D. ; Medeiros, Lia ; Menten, Karl M. ; Michalik, Daniel ; Mizuno, Izumi ; Mizuno, Yosuke ; Moran, James M. ; Moriyama, Kotaro ; Müller, Cornelia ; Musoke, Gibwa ; Myserlis, Ioannis ; Nadolski, Andrew ; Nagai, Hiroshi ; Nagar, Neil M. ; Nakamura, Masanori ; Narayan, Ramesh ; Narayanan, Gopal ; Natarajan, Iniyan ; Nathanail, Antonios ; Navarro Fuentes, Santiago ; Neri, Roberto ; Ni, Chunchong ; Noutsos, Aristeidis ; Oh, Junghwan ; Okino, Hiroki ; Olivares, Héctor ; Ortiz-León, Gisela N. ; Oyama, Tomoaki ; Özel, Feryal ; Palumbo, Daniel C. M. ; Filippos Paraschos, Georgios ; Park, Jongho ; Parsons, Harriet ; Patel, Nimesh ; Pen, Ue-Li ; Pesce, Dominic W. ; Piétu, Vincent ; Plambeck, Richard ; PopStefanija, Aleksandar ; Porth, Oliver ; Pötzl, Felix M. ; Prather, Ben ; Preciado-López, Jorge A. ; Pu, Hung-Yi ; Rao, Ramprasad ; Rawlings, Mark G. ; Raymond, Alexander W. ; Rezzolla, Luciano ; Ricarte, Angelo ; Roelofs, Freek ; Rogers, Alan ; Ros, Eduardo ; Romero-Canizales, Cristina ; Roshanineshat, Arash ; Rottmann, Helge ; Roy, Alan L. ; Ruiz, Ignacio ; Ruszczyk, Chet ; Rygl, Kazi L. J. ; Sánchez, Salvador ; Sánchez-Argüelles, David ; Sánchez-Portal, Miguel ; Sasada, Mahito ; Satapathy, Kaushik ; Savolainen, Tuomas ; Peter Schloerb, F. ; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich ; Shao, Lijing ; Shen, Zhiqiang ; Small, Des ; Won Sohn, Bong ; SooHoo, Jason ; Souccar, Kamal ; Sun, He ; Tazaki, Fumie ; Tilanus, Remo P. J. ; Titus, Michael ; Torne, Pablo ; Traianou, Efthalia ; Trent, Tyler ; Trippe, Sascha ; van Bemmel, Ilse ; Jan van Langevelde, Huib ; van Rossum, Daniel R. ; Vos, Jesse ; Wagner, Jan ; Ward-Thompson, Derek ; Wardle, John ; Weintroub, Jonathan ; Wex, Norbert ; Wharton, Robert ; Wiik, Kaj ; Wondrak, Michael F. ; Wong, George N. ; Wu, Qingwen ; Yamaguchi, Paul ; Yoon, Doosoo ; Young, André ; Young, Ken ; Younsi, Ziri ; Yuan, Feng ; Yuan, Ye-Fei ; Anton Zensus, J. ; Zhang, Shuo ; Zhao, Guang-Yao ; Zhao, Shan-Shan. / Millimeter Light Curves of Sagittarius A* Observed during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign. In: Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2022 ; Vol. 930, No. 2.

BibTeX

@article{b1148cd160194ee4b1709b467c4050a9,
title = "Millimeter Light Curves of Sagittarius A* Observed during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign",
abstract = "The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the compact radio source, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), in the Galactic Center on 2017 April 5–11 in the 1.3 mm wavelength band. At the same time, interferometric array data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and the Submillimeter Array were collected, providing Sgr A* light curves simultaneous with the EHT observations. These data sets, complementing the EHT very long baseline interferometry, are characterized by a cadence and signal-to-noise ratio previously unattainable for Sgr A* at millimeter wavelengths, and they allow for the investigation of source variability on timescales as short as a minute. While most of the light curves correspond to a low variability state of Sgr A*, the April 11 observations follow an X-ray flare and exhibit strongly enhanced variability. All of the light curves are consistent with a red-noise process, with a power spectral density (PSD) slope measured to be between −2 and −3 on timescales between 1 minute and several hours. Our results indicate a steepening of the PSD slope for timescales shorter than 0.3 hr. The spectral energy distribution is flat at 220 GHz, and there are no time lags between the 213 and 229 GHz frequency bands, suggesting low optical depth for the event horizon scale source. We characterize Sgr A*{\textquoteright}s variability, highlighting the different behavior observed just after the X-ray flare, and use Gaussian process modeling to extract a decorrelation timescale and a PSD slope. We also investigate the systematic calibration uncertainties by analyzing data from independent data reduction pipelines.",
author = "Maciek Wielgus and Nicola Marchili and Iv{\'a}n Mart{\'i}-Vidal and Keating, {Garrett K.} and Venkatessh Ramakrishnan and Paul Tiede and Ed Fomalont and Sara Issaoun and Joey Neilsen and Nowak, {Michael A.} and Lindy Blackburn and Gammie, {Charles F.} and Ciriaco Goddi and Daryl Haggard and Daeyoung Lee and Monika Moscibrodzka and Tetarenko, {Alexandra J.} and Bower, {Geoffrey C.} and Chi-kwan Chan and Koushik Chatterjee and Chesler, {Paul M.} and Jason Dexter and Doeleman, {Sheperd S.} and Boris Georgiev and Mark Gurwell and Johnson, {Michael D.} and Marrone, {Daniel P.} and Alejandro Mus and Dimitrios Psaltis and Bart Ripperda and Gunther Witzel and Kazunori Akiyama and Antxon Alberdi and Walter Alef and {Carlos Algaba}, Juan and Richard Anantua and Keiichi Asada and Rebecca Azulay and Uwe Bach and Anne-Kathrin Baczko and David Ball and Mislav Balokovi{\'c} and John Barrett and Michi Baub{\"o}ck and Benson, {Bradford A.} and Dan Bintley and Raymond Blundell and Wilfred Boland and Bouman, {Katherine L.} and Hope Boyce and Michael Bremer and Brinkerink, {Christiaan D.} and Roger Brissenden and Silke Britzen and Broderick, {Avery E.} and Dominique Broguiere and Thomas Bronzwaer and Sandra Bustamante and Do-Young Byun and Carlstrom, {John E.} and Chiara Ceccobello and Andrew Chael and Shami Chatterjee and Ming-Tang Chen and Yongjun Chen and Ilje Cho and Pierre Christian and Conroy, {Nicholas S.} and Conway, {John E.} and Cordes, {James M.} and Crawford, {Thomas M.} and Crew, {Geoffrey B.} and Alejandro Cruz-Osorio and Yuzhu Cui and Jordy Davelaar and {De Laurentis}, Mariafelicia and Roger Deane and Jessica Dempsey and Gregory Desvignes and Vedant Dhruv and Dzib, {Sergio A.} and Eatough, {Ralph P.} and Razieh Emami and Heino Falcke and Joseph Farah and Fish, {Vincent L.} and {Alyson Ford}, H. and Raquel Fraga-Encinas and Freeman, {William T.} and Per Friberg and Fromm, {Christian M.} and Antonio Fuentes and Peter Galison and Roberto Garc{\'i}a and Olivier Gentaz and Roman Gold and G{\'o}mez-Ruiz, {Arturo I.} and G{\'o}mez, {Jos{\'e} L.} and Minfeng Gu and Kazuhiro Hada and Kari Haworth and Hecht, {Michael H.} and Ronald Hesper and Ho, {Luis C.} and Paul Ho and Mareki Honma and Huang, {Chih-Wei L.} and Lei Huang and Hughes, {David H.} and Shiro Ikeda and {Violette Impellizzeri}, {C. M.} and Makoto Inoue and James, {David J.} and Jannuzi, {Buell T.} and Michael Janssen and Britton Jeter and Wu Jiang and Alejandra Jim{\'e}nez-Rosales and Svetlana Jorstad and Joshi, {Abhishek V.} and Taehyun Jung and Mansour Karami and Ramesh Karuppusamy and Tomohisa Kawashima and Mark Kettenis and Dong-Jin Kim and Jae-Young Kim and Jongsoo Kim and Junhan Kim and Motoki Kino and {Yi Koay}, Jun and Prashant Kocherlakota and Yutaro Kofuji and Koch, {Patrick M.} and Shoko Koyama and Carsten Kramer and Michael Kramer and Krichbaum, {Thomas P.} and Cheng-Yu Kuo and {La Bella}, Noemi and Lauer, {Tod R.} and Sang-Sung Lee and {Kin Leung}, Po and Aviad Levis and Zhiyuan Li and Rocco Lico and Greg Lindahl and Michael Lindqvist and Mikhail Lisakov and Jun Liu and Kuo Liu and Elisabetta Liuzzo and Wen-Ping Lo and Lobanov, {Andrei P.} and Laurent Loinard and Colin Lonsdale and Ru-Sen Lu and Jirong Mao and Sera Markoff and Marscher, {Alan P.} and Satoki Matsushita and Matthews, {Lynn D.} and Lia Medeiros and Menten, {Karl M.} and Daniel Michalik and Izumi Mizuno and Yosuke Mizuno and Moran, {James M.} and Kotaro Moriyama and Cornelia M{\"u}ller and Gibwa Musoke and Ioannis Myserlis and Andrew Nadolski and Hiroshi Nagai and Nagar, {Neil M.} and Masanori Nakamura and Ramesh Narayan and Gopal Narayanan and Iniyan Natarajan and Antonios Nathanail and {Navarro Fuentes}, Santiago and Roberto Neri and Chunchong Ni and Aristeidis Noutsos and Junghwan Oh and Hiroki Okino and H{\'e}ctor Olivares and Ortiz-Le{\'o}n, {Gisela N.} and Tomoaki Oyama and Feryal {\"O}zel and Palumbo, {Daniel C. M.} and {Filippos Paraschos}, Georgios and Jongho Park and Harriet Parsons and Nimesh Patel and Ue-Li Pen and Pesce, {Dominic W.} and Vincent Pi{\'e}tu and Richard Plambeck and Aleksandar PopStefanija and Oliver Porth and P{\"o}tzl, {Felix M.} and Ben Prather and Preciado-L{\'o}pez, {Jorge A.} and Hung-Yi Pu and Ramprasad Rao and Rawlings, {Mark G.} and Raymond, {Alexander W.} and Luciano Rezzolla and Angelo Ricarte and Freek Roelofs and Alan Rogers and Eduardo Ros and Cristina Romero-Canizales and Arash Roshanineshat and Helge Rottmann and Roy, {Alan L.} and Ignacio Ruiz and Chet Ruszczyk and Rygl, {Kazi L. J.} and Salvador S{\'a}nchez and David S{\'a}nchez-Arg{\"u}elles and Miguel S{\'a}nchez-Portal and Mahito Sasada and Kaushik Satapathy and Tuomas Savolainen and {Peter Schloerb}, F. and Karl-Friedrich Schuster and Lijing Shao and Zhiqiang Shen and Des Small and {Won Sohn}, Bong and Jason SooHoo and Kamal Souccar and He Sun and Fumie Tazaki and Tilanus, {Remo P. J.} and Michael Titus and Pablo Torne and Efthalia Traianou and Tyler Trent and Sascha Trippe and {van Bemmel}, Ilse and {Jan van Langevelde}, Huib and {van Rossum}, {Daniel R.} and Jesse Vos and Jan Wagner and Derek Ward-Thompson and John Wardle and Jonathan Weintroub and Norbert Wex and Robert Wharton and Kaj Wiik and Wondrak, {Michael F.} and Wong, {George N.} and Qingwen Wu and Paul Yamaguchi and Doosoo Yoon and Andr{\'e} Young and Ken Young and Ziri Younsi and Feng Yuan and Ye-Fei Yuan and {Anton Zensus}, J. and Shuo Zhang and Guang-Yao Zhao and Shan-Shan Zhao",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/ac6428",
language = "русский",
volume = "930",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",
issn = "2041-8205",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "2",

}

RIS

TY - JOUR

T1 - Millimeter Light Curves of Sagittarius A* Observed during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

AU - Wielgus, Maciek

AU - Marchili, Nicola

AU - Martí-Vidal, Iván

AU - Keating, Garrett K.

AU - Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh

AU - Tiede, Paul

AU - Fomalont, Ed

AU - Issaoun, Sara

AU - Neilsen, Joey

AU - Nowak, Michael A.

AU - Blackburn, Lindy

AU - Gammie, Charles F.

AU - Goddi, Ciriaco

AU - Haggard, Daryl

AU - Lee, Daeyoung

AU - Moscibrodzka, Monika

AU - Tetarenko, Alexandra J.

AU - Bower, Geoffrey C.

AU - Chan, Chi-kwan

AU - Chatterjee, Koushik

AU - Chesler, Paul M.

AU - Dexter, Jason

AU - Doeleman, Sheperd S.

AU - Georgiev, Boris

AU - Gurwell, Mark

AU - Johnson, Michael D.

AU - Marrone, Daniel P.

AU - Mus, Alejandro

AU - Psaltis, Dimitrios

AU - Ripperda, Bart

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AU - Torne, Pablo

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AU - van Bemmel, Ilse

AU - Jan van Langevelde, Huib

AU - van Rossum, Daniel R.

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AU - Zhao, Guang-Yao

AU - Zhao, Shan-Shan

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the compact radio source, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), in the Galactic Center on 2017 April 5–11 in the 1.3 mm wavelength band. At the same time, interferometric array data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and the Submillimeter Array were collected, providing Sgr A* light curves simultaneous with the EHT observations. These data sets, complementing the EHT very long baseline interferometry, are characterized by a cadence and signal-to-noise ratio previously unattainable for Sgr A* at millimeter wavelengths, and they allow for the investigation of source variability on timescales as short as a minute. While most of the light curves correspond to a low variability state of Sgr A*, the April 11 observations follow an X-ray flare and exhibit strongly enhanced variability. All of the light curves are consistent with a red-noise process, with a power spectral density (PSD) slope measured to be between −2 and −3 on timescales between 1 minute and several hours. Our results indicate a steepening of the PSD slope for timescales shorter than 0.3 hr. The spectral energy distribution is flat at 220 GHz, and there are no time lags between the 213 and 229 GHz frequency bands, suggesting low optical depth for the event horizon scale source. We characterize Sgr A*’s variability, highlighting the different behavior observed just after the X-ray flare, and use Gaussian process modeling to extract a decorrelation timescale and a PSD slope. We also investigate the systematic calibration uncertainties by analyzing data from independent data reduction pipelines.

AB - The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the compact radio source, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), in the Galactic Center on 2017 April 5–11 in the 1.3 mm wavelength band. At the same time, interferometric array data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and the Submillimeter Array were collected, providing Sgr A* light curves simultaneous with the EHT observations. These data sets, complementing the EHT very long baseline interferometry, are characterized by a cadence and signal-to-noise ratio previously unattainable for Sgr A* at millimeter wavelengths, and they allow for the investigation of source variability on timescales as short as a minute. While most of the light curves correspond to a low variability state of Sgr A*, the April 11 observations follow an X-ray flare and exhibit strongly enhanced variability. All of the light curves are consistent with a red-noise process, with a power spectral density (PSD) slope measured to be between −2 and −3 on timescales between 1 minute and several hours. Our results indicate a steepening of the PSD slope for timescales shorter than 0.3 hr. The spectral energy distribution is flat at 220 GHz, and there are no time lags between the 213 and 229 GHz frequency bands, suggesting low optical depth for the event horizon scale source. We characterize Sgr A*’s variability, highlighting the different behavior observed just after the X-ray flare, and use Gaussian process modeling to extract a decorrelation timescale and a PSD slope. We also investigate the systematic calibration uncertainties by analyzing data from independent data reduction pipelines.

U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6428

DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6428

M3 - статья

VL - 930

JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters

JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters

SN - 2041-8205

IS - 2

M1 - L19

ER -

ID: 104698553