This study introduces a multidisciplinary approach to assess the vulnerability of Russian Arctic permafrost to heat and mass transfer processes. Combining field data, meteorological observations, and mathematical modeling, it simulates key variables such as temperature, precipitation, snow thickness, and vegetation cover. The framework aims to enhance the accuracy of permafrost dynamics and forecasts, addressing the gap between field observations and predictive models. Focused on the Shestakovka River Basin in Central Yakutsk, it offers a robust foundation for evaluating permafrost stability under changing climate conditions.