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The magnetotail magnetic flux (MTF) is an important global variable to describe the magnetospheric state and dynamics. Existing methods of MTF estimation on the basis of the polar cap area, inferred from observations of global auroras and field-aligned currents, do not allow benchmarking due to the absence of a gauge for comparison; besides, they rarely allow a systematic nearly real time MTF monitoring. We describe three modifications (F-0, F-1, and F-2) of the method to calculate the MTF, based on simultaneous spacecraft observations in the magnetotail and in the solar wind, suitable for real-time MTF monitoring. The MTF dependence on the solar wind parameters and the observed tail lobe magnetic field is derived from the pressure balance conditions. An essential part of this study is the calibration of our approximate method against global 3-D MHD simulations and the empirical T14 magnetospheric field model. The calibration procedure provides all variables required to evaluate F-0, F-1, and F-2 quantities and, at the same time, computes the reference MTF value through any tail cross section. It allowed us to extend the method to be used in the near tail, investigate its errors, and define the applicability domain. The method was applied to Cluster and THEMIS measurements and compared with methods of polar cap area calculation based on IMAGE and AMPERE observations. We also discuss possible applications and some recent results based on the proposed method.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)8821-8839
Number of pages19
JournalJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
Volume121
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - Sep 2016

    Scopus subject areas

  • Physics and Astronomy(all)

    Research areas

  • magnetotail, magnetic flux, STEADY MAGNETOSPHERIC CONVECTION, SUBSTORM PLASMA SHEET, POLAR-CAP AREA, BIRKELAND CURRENTS, IONOSPHERE SYSTEM, BOUNDARY MOTION, IMAGE FUV, FIELD, CONFIGURATION, SIMULATION

ID: 7598599