Septically injured maggots synthesize about dozen antibacterial and antifungal peptides of insect defensin, cecropin, diptericin and3kDa peptide families. The peptides natural composition demonstrates antibacterial activity dramatically exceeding the activity of synthetic antibiotic, chloramphenicol. The maggot hemolymph contains cytotoxic hemocytes able to kill human tumor cells and soluble peptides stimulating cytotoxic activity of mammalian natural killer cells. The peptides referred to as alloferons were structurally characterized and subjected to full scale preclinical and clinical studies. Nowadays alloferon-1 is registered as antiviral drug to treat genital herpes and hepatitis B. Alloferon mode of action is mediated by NF-κB signalling pathway and directed to boost recognition of viral and tumor antigens. Blow flies developed surprisingly effective immune system to survive in environments abundant in conventionally pathogenic microorganisms. Effector and regulatory molecules of maggot immunity demons