The development of energy storage systems has become a challenging and crucial topic due to the human life necessities, industrial evolutions, and the environmental essentials for clean, cost-effective, and renewable energy sources. Current energy storage systems encountered limitations that prevent their expansion in multiple applications. The most challenging aspects of the current approaches are elevated cycling stability, controlling dendrite formation and growth, high capacity retention after cycling, increasing thermal stability, and valid charge–discharge rate. Employing the multilayer and hybrid systems and adding nanoparticles have been proposed to tackle the challenges. Janus structures provide high-performance properties to storage devices due to their dual nature and their ability to create different surface features. Janus structures are utilized in diverse storage systems including Janus membranes and separators, electrolytes and electrodes. Generally, they improve the interactions between membrane and electrolyte, electrolyte and electrodes, and the cyclic performance of the device. This review article explores the latest research on applications of Janus structures, including membranes, electrodes, and electrolytes in energy storage devices. Janus structures are impartible elements of the next-generation energy storage systems and generously support these systems by enhancing capacity, stability, and cyclic life characteristics.