A classification of the inverse problems of atmospheric optics is given. Three types of inverse problems are distinguished: with respect to the parameters of the physical state of a medium (remote sensing of the atmosphere and the underlying surface), with respect to the optical properties of the medium, and with respect to boundary conditions. The notion of radiative-physical inverse problems is introduced. In these problems, physical models of processes are used along with the equation of radiative transfer. Peculiar features of solving inverse problems for a nonequilibrium atmosphere, including radiative-kinetic inverse problems, are considered. It is noted that allowance for errors in specifying a priori data is important in an analysis of the accuracy of solving inverse problems of different types.