This work presents an experimental study of the effect of processing by severe plastic deformation (SPD) on the thermoelastic and thermoelectric properties of pure aluminum and copper under pulsed laser radiation. The studies were carried out on commercial aluminum AD1 (99.3%) and pure copper M1 (99.9%). High pressure torsion (HPT) was used for processing by SPD. After the HPT processing, the materials samples in the form of a plane disk were subjected to pulsed laser radiation focused on the disk centre. Pulsed lasers with a wavelength of 1.06 microns and operating in the free-running laser oscillation mode with pulse duration of 100 microseconds or in the mode of a single pulse with duration of about 10 nanoseconds were used. The thermoelastic and thermoelectric responses of the materials were determined by measuring acoustic waves and the thermoelectric power. The disks with the initial coarse-grained material state were considered as a reference sample, and the disks of the materials after SPD processing were considered as the control sample. The results demonstrated a very high sensitivity of the parameters of thermoelastic and thermoelectric response to structural changes in the materials. For example, the HPT mode used led to a reduction in the maximum thermoelectric power value for aluminum by 40% and for copper by 35%.