Immune-mediated neuropathies are a heterogenic group of disorders caused by an autoimmune response and often associated with autoantibodies against various neuronal epitopes. The main pathophysiological mechanisms of nerve injury include immune-mediated demyelination, axonal damage, and vasculitic-induced nerve ischemia. Diagnosis is based primarily on the clinical presentation and course, together with electrophysiological studies, testing for autoantibodies, and, when needed, cerebrospinal fluid examination and nerve biopsy. Immune-mediated neuropathies frequently, though not universally, respond to immune therapies including corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulins.