The study results on fungal biodiversity of the Western Antarctica islands (South Shetland Islands group). The composition of microfungal communities on the preliminary soil, rocks, zoogenic and anthropogenic substrates have been studied. 92 species of fungi, sterile white and dark colored mycelia and yeast-like forms are revealed. More various fungal communities were revealed in the soil as well as on the anthropogenic substrates. Growth development contributes the diversity of soil fungi. The dominant species in the most of studied habitats was Geomyces pannorum. Most numbers of G. pannorum strains were isolated form the superficial level of soil in the places of the bird's colonies. The black-colored micromycetes with the different morphology were predominated on the rocks and minerals. The possible ways of mycobiota formation in the West Antarctic ecosystems are discussed.