Standard
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass. / Collaboration, Event Horizon Telescope; Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter; Algaba, Juan Carlos; Anantua, Richard; Asada, Keiichi; Azulay, Rebecca; Bach, Uwe; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin; Ball, David; Baloković, Mislav; Barrett, John; Bauböck, Michi; Benson, Bradford A.; Bintley, Dan; Blackburn, Lindy; Blundell, Raymond; Bouman, Katherine L.; Bower, Geoffrey C.; Boyce, Hope; Bremer, Michael; Brinkerink, Christiaan D.; Brissenden, Roger; Britzen, Silke; Broderick, Avery E.; Broguiere, Dominique; Bronzwaer, Thomas; Bustamante, Sandra; Byun, Do-Young; Carlstrom, John E.; Ceccobello, Chiara; Chael, Andrew; Chan, Chi-kwan; Chatterjee, Koushik; Chatterjee, Shami; Chen, Ming-Tang; Chen, Yongjun; Cheng, Xiaopeng; Cho, Ilje; Christian, Pierre; Conroy, Nicholas S.; Conway, John E.; Cordes, James M.; Crawford, Thomas M.; Crew, Geoffrey B.; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro; Cui, Yuzhu; Davelaar, Jordy; Laurentis, Mariafelicia De; Deane, Roger; Dempsey, Jessica; Desvignes, Gregory; Dexter, Jason; Dhruv, Vedant; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Dougal, Sean; Dzib, Sergio A.; Eatough, Ralph P.; Emami, Razieh; Falcke, Heino; Farah, Joseph; Fish, Vincent L.; Fomalont, Ed; Ford, H. Alyson; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel; Freeman, William T.; Friberg, Per; Fromm, Christian M.; Fuentes, Antonio; Galison, Peter; Gammie, Charles F.; García, Roberto; Gentaz, Olivier; Georgiev, Boris; Goddi, Ciriaco; Gold, Roman; Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I.; Gómez, José L.; Gu, Minfeng; Gurwell, Mark; Hada, Kazuhiro; Haggard, Daryl; Haworth, Kari; Hecht, Michael H.; Hesper, Ronald; Heumann, Dirk; Ho, Luis C.; Ho, Paul; Honma, Mareki; Huang, Chih-Wei L.; Huang, Lei; Hughes, David H.; Ikeda, Shiro; Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette; Inoue, Makoto; Issaoun, Sara; James, David J.; Jannuzi, Buell T.; Janssen, Michael; Jeter, Britton; Jiang, Wu; Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra; Johnson, Michael D.; Jorstad, Svetlana; Joshi, Abhishek V.; Jung, Taehyun; Karami, Mansour; Karuppusamy, Ramesh; Kawashima, Tomohisa; Keating, Garrett K.; Kettenis, Mark; Kim, Dong-Jin; Kim, Jae-Young; Kim, Jongsoo; Kim, Junhan; Kino, Motoki; Koay, Jun Yi; Kocherlakota, Prashant; Kofuji, Yutaro; Koch, Patrick M.; Koyama, Shoko; Kramer, Carsten; Kramer, Michael; Krichbaum, Thomas P.; Kuo, Cheng-Yu; Bella, Noemi La; Lauer, Tod R.; Lee, Daeyoung; Lee, Sang-Sung; Leung, Po Kin; Levis, Aviad; Li, Zhiyuan; Lico, Rocco; Lindahl, Greg; Lindqvist, Michael; Lisakov, Mikhail; Liu, Jun; Liu, Kuo; Liuzzo, Elisabetta; Lo, Wen-Ping; Lobanov, Andrei P.; Loinard, Laurent; Lonsdale, Colin J.; Lu, Ru-Sen; Mao, Jirong; Marchili, Nicola; Markoff, Sera; Marrone, Daniel P.; Marscher, Alan P.; Martí-Vidal, Iván; Matsushita, Satoki; Matthews, Lynn D.; Medeiros, Lia; Menten, Karl M.; Michalik, Daniel; Mizuno, Izumi; Mizuno, Yosuke; Moran, James M.; Moriyama, Kotaro; Moscibrodzka, Monika; Müller, Cornelia; Mus, Alejandro; Musoke, Gibwa; Myserlis, Ioannis; Nadolski, Andrew; Nagai, Hiroshi; Nagar, Neil M.; Nakamura, Masanori; Narayan, Ramesh; Narayanan, Gopal; Natarajan, Iniyan; Nathanail, Antonios; Fuentes, Santiago Navarro; Neilsen, Joey; Neri, Roberto; Ni, Chunchong; Noutsos, Aristeidis; Nowak, Michael A.; Oh, Junghwan; Okino, Hiroki; Olivares, Héctor; Ortiz-León, Gisela N.; Oyama, Tomoaki; Palumbo, Daniel C. M.; Paraschos, Georgios Filippos; Park, Jongho; Parsons, Harriet; Patel, Nimesh; Pen, Ue-Li; Pesce, Dominic W.; Piétu, Vincent; Plambeck, Richard; PopStefanija, Aleksandar; Porth, Oliver; Pötzl, Felix M.; Prather, Ben; Preciado-López, Jorge A.; Pu, Hung-Yi; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh; Rao, Ramprasad; Rawlings, Mark G.; Raymond, Alexander W.; Rezzolla, Luciano; Ricarte, Angelo; Ripperda, Bart; Roelofs, Freek; Rogers, Alan; Ros, Eduardo; Romero-Cañizales, Cristina; Roshanineshat, Arash; Rottmann, Helge; Roy, Alan L.; Ruiz, Ignacio; Ruszczyk, Chet; Rygl, Kazi L. J.; Sánchez, Salvador; Sánchez-Argüelles, David; Sánchez-Portal, Miguel; Sasada, Mahito; Satapathy, Kaushik; Savolainen, Tuomas; Schloerb, F. Peter; Schonfeld, Jonathan; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich; Shao, Lijing; Shen, Zhiqiang; Small, Des; Sohn, Bong Won; SooHoo, Jason; Souccar, Kamal; Sun, He; Tazaki, Fumie; Tetarenko, Alexandra J.; Tiede, Paul; Tilanus, Remo P. J.; Titus, Michael; Torne, Pablo; Traianou, Efthalia; Trent, Tyler; Trippe, Sascha; Turk, Matthew; van Bemmel, Ilse; van Langevelde, Huib Jan; van Rossum, Daniel R.; Vos, Jesse; Wagner, Jan; Ward-Thompson, Derek; Wardle, John; Weintroub, Jonathan; Wex, Norbert; Wharton, Robert; Wielgus, Maciek; Wiik, Kaj; Witzel, Gunther; Wondrak, Michael F.; Wong, George N.; Wu, Qingwen; Yamaguchi, Paul; Yoon, Doosoo; Young, André; Young, Ken; Younsi, Ziri; Yuan, Feng; Yuan, Ye-Fei; Zensus, J. Anton; Zhang, Shuo; Zhao, Guang-Yao; Zhao, Shan-Shan; Chang, Dominic O.
In:
Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 930, No. 2, 2022, p. L15.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review
Harvard
Collaboration, EHT, Akiyama, K, Alberdi, A, Alef, W, Algaba, JC, Anantua, R, Asada, K, Azulay, R, Bach, U, Baczko, A-K, Ball, D, Baloković, M, Barrett, J, Bauböck, M, Benson, BA, Bintley, D, Blackburn, L, Blundell, R, Bouman, KL, Bower, GC, Boyce, H, Bremer, M, Brinkerink, CD, Brissenden, R, Britzen, S, Broderick, AE, Broguiere, D, Bronzwaer, T, Bustamante, S, Byun, D-Y, Carlstrom, JE, Ceccobello, C, Chael, A, Chan, C, Chatterjee, K, Chatterjee, S, Chen, M-T, Chen, Y, Cheng, X, Cho, I, Christian, P, Conroy, NS, Conway, JE, Cordes, JM, Crawford, TM, Crew, GB, Cruz-Osorio, A, Cui, Y, Davelaar, J, Laurentis, MD, Deane, R, Dempsey, J, Desvignes, G, Dexter, J, Dhruv, V, Doeleman, SS, Dougal, S, Dzib, SA, Eatough, RP, Emami, R, Falcke, H, Farah, J, Fish, VL, Fomalont, E, Ford, HA, Fraga-Encinas, R, Freeman, WT, Friberg, P, Fromm, CM, Fuentes, A, Galison, P, Gammie, CF, García, R, Gentaz, O, Georgiev, B, Goddi, C, Gold, R, Gómez-Ruiz, AI, Gómez, JL, Gu, M, Gurwell, M, Hada, K, Haggard, D, Haworth, K, Hecht, MH, Hesper, R, Heumann, D, Ho, LC, Ho, P, Honma, M, Huang, C-WL, Huang, L, Hughes, DH, Ikeda, S, Impellizzeri, CMV, Inoue, M, Issaoun, S, James, DJ, Jannuzi, BT, Janssen, M, Jeter, B, Jiang, W, Jiménez-Rosales, A, Johnson, MD
, Jorstad, S, Joshi, AV, Jung, T, Karami, M, Karuppusamy, R, Kawashima, T, Keating, GK, Kettenis, M, Kim, D-J, Kim, J-Y, Kim, J, Kim, J, Kino, M, Koay, JY, Kocherlakota, P, Kofuji, Y, Koch, PM, Koyama, S, Kramer, C, Kramer, M, Krichbaum, TP, Kuo, C-Y, Bella, NL, Lauer, TR, Lee, D, Lee, S-S, Leung, PK, Levis, A, Li, Z, Lico, R, Lindahl, G, Lindqvist, M, Lisakov, M, Liu, J, Liu, K, Liuzzo, E, Lo, W-P, Lobanov, AP, Loinard, L, Lonsdale, CJ, Lu, R-S, Mao, J, Marchili, N, Markoff, S, Marrone, DP, Marscher, AP, Martí-Vidal, I, Matsushita, S, Matthews, LD, Medeiros, L, Menten, KM, Michalik, D, Mizuno, I, Mizuno, Y, Moran, JM, Moriyama, K, Moscibrodzka, M, Müller, C, Mus, A, Musoke, G, Myserlis, I, Nadolski, A, Nagai, H, Nagar, NM, Nakamura, M, Narayan, R, Narayanan, G, Natarajan, I, Nathanail, A, Fuentes, SN, Neilsen, J, Neri, R, Ni, C, Noutsos, A, Nowak, MA, Oh, J, Okino, H, Olivares, H, Ortiz-León, GN, Oyama, T, Palumbo, DCM, Paraschos, GF, Park, J, Parsons, H, Patel, N, Pen, U-L, Pesce, DW, Piétu, V, Plambeck, R, PopStefanija, A, Porth, O, Pötzl, FM, Prather, B, Preciado-López, JA, Pu, H-Y, Ramakrishnan, V, Rao, R, Rawlings, MG, Raymond, AW, Rezzolla, L, Ricarte, A, Ripperda, B, Roelofs, F, Rogers, A, Ros, E, Romero-Cañizales, C, Roshanineshat, A, Rottmann, H, Roy, AL, Ruiz, I, Ruszczyk, C, Rygl, KLJ, Sánchez, S, Sánchez-Argüelles, D, Sánchez-Portal, M, Sasada, M, Satapathy, K, Savolainen, T, Schloerb, FP, Schonfeld, J, Schuster, K-F, Shao, L, Shen, Z, Small, D, Sohn, BW, SooHoo, J, Souccar, K, Sun, H, Tazaki, F, Tetarenko, AJ, Tiede, P, Tilanus, RPJ, Titus, M, Torne, P, Traianou, E, Trent, T, Trippe, S, Turk, M, van Bemmel, I, van Langevelde, HJ, van Rossum, DR, Vos, J, Wagner, J, Ward-Thompson, D, Wardle, J, Weintroub, J, Wex, N, Wharton, R, Wielgus, M, Wiik, K, Witzel, G, Wondrak, MF, Wong, GN, Wu, Q, Yamaguchi, P, Yoon, D, Young, A, Young, K, Younsi, Z, Yuan, F, Yuan, Y-F, Zensus, JA, Zhang, S, Zhao, G-Y, Zhao, S-S & Chang, DO 2022, '
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass',
Astrophysical Journal Letters, vol. 930, no. 2, pp. L15.
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6736
APA
Collaboration, E. H. T., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Algaba, J. C., Anantua, R., Asada, K., Azulay, R., Bach, U., Baczko, A-K., Ball, D., Baloković, M., Barrett, J., Bauböck, M., Benson, B. A., Bintley, D., Blackburn, L., Blundell, R., Bouman, K. L., ... Chang, D. O. (2022).
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass.
Astrophysical Journal Letters,
930(2), L15.
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac6736
Vancouver
Author
Collaboration, Event Horizon Telescope ; Akiyama, Kazunori ; Alberdi, Antxon ; Alef, Walter ; Algaba, Juan Carlos ; Anantua, Richard ; Asada, Keiichi ; Azulay, Rebecca ; Bach, Uwe ; Baczko, Anne-Kathrin ; Ball, David ; Baloković, Mislav ; Barrett, John ; Bauböck, Michi ; Benson, Bradford A. ; Bintley, Dan ; Blackburn, Lindy ; Blundell, Raymond ; Bouman, Katherine L. ; Bower, Geoffrey C. ; Boyce, Hope ; Bremer, Michael ; Brinkerink, Christiaan D. ; Brissenden, Roger ; Britzen, Silke ; Broderick, Avery E. ; Broguiere, Dominique ; Bronzwaer, Thomas ; Bustamante, Sandra ; Byun, Do-Young ; Carlstrom, John E. ; Ceccobello, Chiara ; Chael, Andrew ; Chan, Chi-kwan ; Chatterjee, Koushik ; Chatterjee, Shami ; Chen, Ming-Tang ; Chen, Yongjun ; Cheng, Xiaopeng ; Cho, Ilje ; Christian, Pierre ; Conroy, Nicholas S. ; Conway, John E. ; Cordes, James M. ; Crawford, Thomas M. ; Crew, Geoffrey B. ; Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro ; Cui, Yuzhu ; Davelaar, Jordy ; Laurentis, Mariafelicia De ; Deane, Roger ; Dempsey, Jessica ; Desvignes, Gregory ; Dexter, Jason ; Dhruv, Vedant ; Doeleman, Sheperd S. ; Dougal, Sean ; Dzib, Sergio A. ; Eatough, Ralph P. ; Emami, Razieh ; Falcke, Heino ; Farah, Joseph ; Fish, Vincent L. ; Fomalont, Ed ; Ford, H. Alyson ; Fraga-Encinas, Raquel ; Freeman, William T. ; Friberg, Per ; Fromm, Christian M. ; Fuentes, Antonio ; Galison, Peter ; Gammie, Charles F. ; García, Roberto ; Gentaz, Olivier ; Georgiev, Boris ; Goddi, Ciriaco ; Gold, Roman ; Gómez-Ruiz, Arturo I. ; Gómez, José L. ; Gu, Minfeng ; Gurwell, Mark ; Hada, Kazuhiro ; Haggard, Daryl ; Haworth, Kari ; Hecht, Michael H. ; Hesper, Ronald ; Heumann, Dirk ; Ho, Luis C. ; Ho, Paul ; Honma, Mareki ; Huang, Chih-Wei L. ; Huang, Lei ; Hughes, David H. ; Ikeda, Shiro ; Impellizzeri, C. M. Violette ; Inoue, Makoto ; Issaoun, Sara ; James, David J. ; Jannuzi, Buell T. ; Janssen, Michael ; Jeter, Britton ; Jiang, Wu ; Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra ; Johnson, Michael D.
; Jorstad, Svetlana ; Joshi, Abhishek V. ; Jung, Taehyun ; Karami, Mansour ; Karuppusamy, Ramesh ; Kawashima, Tomohisa ; Keating, Garrett K. ; Kettenis, Mark ; Kim, Dong-Jin ; Kim, Jae-Young ; Kim, Jongsoo ; Kim, Junhan ; Kino, Motoki ; Koay, Jun Yi ; Kocherlakota, Prashant ; Kofuji, Yutaro ; Koch, Patrick M. ; Koyama, Shoko ; Kramer, Carsten ; Kramer, Michael ; Krichbaum, Thomas P. ; Kuo, Cheng-Yu ; Bella, Noemi La ; Lauer, Tod R. ; Lee, Daeyoung ; Lee, Sang-Sung ; Leung, Po Kin ; Levis, Aviad ; Li, Zhiyuan ; Lico, Rocco ; Lindahl, Greg ; Lindqvist, Michael ; Lisakov, Mikhail ; Liu, Jun ; Liu, Kuo ; Liuzzo, Elisabetta ; Lo, Wen-Ping ; Lobanov, Andrei P. ; Loinard, Laurent ; Lonsdale, Colin J. ; Lu, Ru-Sen ; Mao, Jirong ; Marchili, Nicola ; Markoff, Sera ; Marrone, Daniel P. ; Marscher, Alan P. ; Martí-Vidal, Iván ; Matsushita, Satoki ; Matthews, Lynn D. ; Medeiros, Lia ; Menten, Karl M. ; Michalik, Daniel ; Mizuno, Izumi ; Mizuno, Yosuke ; Moran, James M. ; Moriyama, Kotaro ; Moscibrodzka, Monika ; Müller, Cornelia ; Mus, Alejandro ; Musoke, Gibwa ; Myserlis, Ioannis ; Nadolski, Andrew ; Nagai, Hiroshi ; Nagar, Neil M. ; Nakamura, Masanori ; Narayan, Ramesh ; Narayanan, Gopal ; Natarajan, Iniyan ; Nathanail, Antonios ; Fuentes, Santiago Navarro ; Neilsen, Joey ; Neri, Roberto ; Ni, Chunchong ; Noutsos, Aristeidis ; Nowak, Michael A. ; Oh, Junghwan ; Okino, Hiroki ; Olivares, Héctor ; Ortiz-León, Gisela N. ; Oyama, Tomoaki ; Palumbo, Daniel C. M. ; Paraschos, Georgios Filippos ; Park, Jongho ; Parsons, Harriet ; Patel, Nimesh ; Pen, Ue-Li ; Pesce, Dominic W. ; Piétu, Vincent ; Plambeck, Richard ; PopStefanija, Aleksandar ; Porth, Oliver ; Pötzl, Felix M. ; Prather, Ben ; Preciado-López, Jorge A. ; Pu, Hung-Yi ; Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh ; Rao, Ramprasad ; Rawlings, Mark G. ; Raymond, Alexander W. ; Rezzolla, Luciano ; Ricarte, Angelo ; Ripperda, Bart ; Roelofs, Freek ; Rogers, Alan ; Ros, Eduardo ; Romero-Cañizales, Cristina ; Roshanineshat, Arash ; Rottmann, Helge ; Roy, Alan L. ; Ruiz, Ignacio ; Ruszczyk, Chet ; Rygl, Kazi L. J. ; Sánchez, Salvador ; Sánchez-Argüelles, David ; Sánchez-Portal, Miguel ; Sasada, Mahito ; Satapathy, Kaushik ; Savolainen, Tuomas ; Schloerb, F. Peter ; Schonfeld, Jonathan ; Schuster, Karl-Friedrich ; Shao, Lijing ; Shen, Zhiqiang ; Small, Des ; Sohn, Bong Won ; SooHoo, Jason ; Souccar, Kamal ; Sun, He ; Tazaki, Fumie ; Tetarenko, Alexandra J. ; Tiede, Paul ; Tilanus, Remo P. J. ; Titus, Michael ; Torne, Pablo ; Traianou, Efthalia ; Trent, Tyler ; Trippe, Sascha ; Turk, Matthew ; van Bemmel, Ilse ; van Langevelde, Huib Jan ; van Rossum, Daniel R. ; Vos, Jesse ; Wagner, Jan ; Ward-Thompson, Derek ; Wardle, John ; Weintroub, Jonathan ; Wex, Norbert ; Wharton, Robert ; Wielgus, Maciek ; Wiik, Kaj ; Witzel, Gunther ; Wondrak, Michael F. ; Wong, George N. ; Wu, Qingwen ; Yamaguchi, Paul ; Yoon, Doosoo ; Young, André ; Young, Ken ; Younsi, Ziri ; Yuan, Feng ; Yuan, Ye-Fei ; Zensus, J. Anton ; Zhang, Shuo ; Zhao, Guang-Yao ; Zhao, Shan-Shan ; Chang, Dominic O. /
First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass. In:
Astrophysical Journal Letters. 2022 ; Vol. 930, No. 2. pp. L15.
BibTeX
@article{aaefa81efa81402eb6536e0ab8e17269,
title = "First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass",
abstract = "In this paper we quantify the temporal variability and image morphology of the horizon-scale emission from Sgr A*, as observed by the EHT in 2017 April at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. We find that the Sgr A* data exhibit variability that exceeds what can be explained by the uncertainties in the data or by the effects of interstellar scattering. The magnitude of this variability can be a substantial fraction of the correlated flux density, reaching ∼100% on some baselines. Through an exploration of simple geometric source models, we demonstrate that ring-like morphologies provide better fits to the Sgr A* data than do other morphologies with comparable complexity. We develop two strategies for fitting static geometric ring models to the time-variable Sgr A* data; one strategy fits models to short segments of data over which the source is static and averages these independent fits, while the other fits models to the full data set using a parametric model for the structural variability power spectrum around the average source structure. Both geometric modeling and image-domain feature extraction techniques determine the ring diameter to be 51.8 ± 2.3 μas (68% credible intervals), with the ring thickness constrained to have an FWHM between ∼30% and 50% of the ring diameter. To bring the diameter measurements to a common physical scale, we calibrate them using synthetic data generated from GRMHD simulations. This calibration constrains the angular size of the gravitational radius to be μas, which we combine with an independent distance measurement from maser parallaxes to determine the mass of Sgr A* to be M ⊙.",
author = "Collaboration, {Event Horizon Telescope} and Kazunori Akiyama and Antxon Alberdi and Walter Alef and Algaba, {Juan Carlos} and Richard Anantua and Keiichi Asada and Rebecca Azulay and Uwe Bach and Anne-Kathrin Baczko and David Ball and Mislav Balokovi{\'c} and John Barrett and Michi Baub{\"o}ck and Benson, {Bradford A.} and Dan Bintley and Lindy Blackburn and Raymond Blundell and Bouman, {Katherine L.} and Bower, {Geoffrey C.} and Hope Boyce and Michael Bremer and Brinkerink, {Christiaan D.} and Roger Brissenden and Silke Britzen and Broderick, {Avery E.} and Dominique Broguiere and Thomas Bronzwaer and Sandra Bustamante and Do-Young Byun and Carlstrom, {John E.} and Chiara Ceccobello and Andrew Chael and Chi-kwan Chan and Koushik Chatterjee and Shami Chatterjee and Ming-Tang Chen and Yongjun Chen and Xiaopeng Cheng and Ilje Cho and Pierre Christian and Conroy, {Nicholas S.} and Conway, {John E.} and Cordes, {James M.} and Crawford, {Thomas M.} and Crew, {Geoffrey B.} and Alejandro Cruz-Osorio and Yuzhu Cui and Jordy Davelaar and Laurentis, {Mariafelicia De} and Roger Deane and Jessica Dempsey and Gregory Desvignes and Jason Dexter and Vedant Dhruv and Doeleman, {Sheperd S.} and Sean Dougal and Dzib, {Sergio A.} and Eatough, {Ralph P.} and Razieh Emami and Heino Falcke and Joseph Farah and Fish, {Vincent L.} and Ed Fomalont and Ford, {H. Alyson} and Raquel Fraga-Encinas and Freeman, {William T.} and Per Friberg and Fromm, {Christian M.} and Antonio Fuentes and Peter Galison and Gammie, {Charles F.} and Roberto Garc{\'i}a and Olivier Gentaz and Boris Georgiev and Ciriaco Goddi and Roman Gold and G{\'o}mez-Ruiz, {Arturo I.} and G{\'o}mez, {Jos{\'e} L.} and Minfeng Gu and Mark Gurwell and Kazuhiro Hada and Daryl Haggard and Kari Haworth and Hecht, {Michael H.} and Ronald Hesper and Dirk Heumann and Ho, {Luis C.} and Paul Ho and Mareki Honma and Huang, {Chih-Wei L.} and Lei Huang and Hughes, {David H.} and Shiro Ikeda and Impellizzeri, {C. M. Violette} and Makoto Inoue and Sara Issaoun and James, {David J.} and Jannuzi, {Buell T.} and Michael Janssen and Britton Jeter and Wu Jiang and Alejandra Jim{\'e}nez-Rosales and Johnson, {Michael D.} and Svetlana Jorstad and Joshi, {Abhishek V.} and Taehyun Jung and Mansour Karami and Ramesh Karuppusamy and Tomohisa Kawashima and Keating, {Garrett K.} and Mark Kettenis and Dong-Jin Kim and Jae-Young Kim and Jongsoo Kim and Junhan Kim and Motoki Kino and Koay, {Jun Yi} and Prashant Kocherlakota and Yutaro Kofuji and Koch, {Patrick M.} and Shoko Koyama and Carsten Kramer and Michael Kramer and Krichbaum, {Thomas P.} and Cheng-Yu Kuo and Bella, {Noemi La} and Lauer, {Tod R.} and Daeyoung Lee and Sang-Sung Lee and Leung, {Po Kin} and Aviad Levis and Zhiyuan Li and Rocco Lico and Greg Lindahl and Michael Lindqvist and Mikhail Lisakov and Jun Liu and Kuo Liu and Elisabetta Liuzzo and Wen-Ping Lo and Lobanov, {Andrei P.} and Laurent Loinard and Lonsdale, {Colin J.} and Ru-Sen Lu and Jirong Mao and Nicola Marchili and Sera Markoff and Marrone, {Daniel P.} and Marscher, {Alan P.} and Iv{\'a}n Mart{\'i}-Vidal and Satoki Matsushita and Matthews, {Lynn D.} and Lia Medeiros and Menten, {Karl M.} and Daniel Michalik and Izumi Mizuno and Yosuke Mizuno and Moran, {James M.} and Kotaro Moriyama and Monika Moscibrodzka and Cornelia M{\"u}ller and Alejandro Mus and Gibwa Musoke and Ioannis Myserlis and Andrew Nadolski and Hiroshi Nagai and Nagar, {Neil M.} and Masanori Nakamura and Ramesh Narayan and Gopal Narayanan and Iniyan Natarajan and Antonios Nathanail and Fuentes, {Santiago Navarro} and Joey Neilsen and Roberto Neri and Chunchong Ni and Aristeidis Noutsos and Nowak, {Michael A.} and Junghwan Oh and Hiroki Okino and H{\'e}ctor Olivares and Ortiz-Le{\'o}n, {Gisela N.} and Tomoaki Oyama and Palumbo, {Daniel C. M.} and Paraschos, {Georgios Filippos} and Jongho Park and Harriet Parsons and Nimesh Patel and Ue-Li Pen and Pesce, {Dominic W.} and Vincent Pi{\'e}tu and Richard Plambeck and Aleksandar PopStefanija and Oliver Porth and P{\"o}tzl, {Felix M.} and Ben Prather and Preciado-L{\'o}pez, {Jorge A.} and Hung-Yi Pu and Venkatessh Ramakrishnan and Ramprasad Rao and Rawlings, {Mark G.} and Raymond, {Alexander W.} and Luciano Rezzolla and Angelo Ricarte and Bart Ripperda and Freek Roelofs and Alan Rogers and Eduardo Ros and Cristina Romero-Ca{\~n}izales and Arash Roshanineshat and Helge Rottmann and Roy, {Alan L.} and Ignacio Ruiz and Chet Ruszczyk and Rygl, {Kazi L. J.} and Salvador S{\'a}nchez and David S{\'a}nchez-Arg{\"u}elles and Miguel S{\'a}nchez-Portal and Mahito Sasada and Kaushik Satapathy and Tuomas Savolainen and Schloerb, {F. Peter} and Jonathan Schonfeld and Karl-Friedrich Schuster and Lijing Shao and Zhiqiang Shen and Des Small and Sohn, {Bong Won} and Jason SooHoo and Kamal Souccar and He Sun and Fumie Tazaki and Tetarenko, {Alexandra J.} and Paul Tiede and Tilanus, {Remo P. J.} and Michael Titus and Pablo Torne and Efthalia Traianou and Tyler Trent and Sascha Trippe and Matthew Turk and {van Bemmel}, Ilse and {van Langevelde}, {Huib Jan} and {van Rossum}, {Daniel R.} and Jesse Vos and Jan Wagner and Derek Ward-Thompson and John Wardle and Jonathan Weintroub and Norbert Wex and Robert Wharton and Maciek Wielgus and Kaj Wiik and Gunther Witzel and Wondrak, {Michael F.} and Wong, {George N.} and Qingwen Wu and Paul Yamaguchi and Doosoo Yoon and Andr{\'e} Young and Ken Young and Ziri Younsi and Feng Yuan and Ye-Fei Yuan and Zensus, {J. Anton} and Shuo Zhang and Guang-Yao Zhao and Shan-Shan Zhao and Chang, {Dominic O.}",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.3847/2041-8213/ac6736",
language = "русский",
volume = "930",
pages = "L15",
journal = "Astrophysical Journal Letters",
issn = "2041-8205",
publisher = "IOP Publishing Ltd.",
number = "2",
}
RIS
TY - JOUR
T1 - First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass
AU - Collaboration, Event Horizon Telescope
AU - Akiyama, Kazunori
AU - Alberdi, Antxon
AU - Alef, Walter
AU - Algaba, Juan Carlos
AU - Anantua, Richard
AU - Asada, Keiichi
AU - Azulay, Rebecca
AU - Bach, Uwe
AU - Baczko, Anne-Kathrin
AU - Ball, David
AU - Baloković, Mislav
AU - Barrett, John
AU - Bauböck, Michi
AU - Benson, Bradford A.
AU - Bintley, Dan
AU - Blackburn, Lindy
AU - Blundell, Raymond
AU - Bouman, Katherine L.
AU - Bower, Geoffrey C.
AU - Boyce, Hope
AU - Bremer, Michael
AU - Brinkerink, Christiaan D.
AU - Brissenden, Roger
AU - Britzen, Silke
AU - Broderick, Avery E.
AU - Broguiere, Dominique
AU - Bronzwaer, Thomas
AU - Bustamante, Sandra
AU - Byun, Do-Young
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PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - In this paper we quantify the temporal variability and image morphology of the horizon-scale emission from Sgr A*, as observed by the EHT in 2017 April at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. We find that the Sgr A* data exhibit variability that exceeds what can be explained by the uncertainties in the data or by the effects of interstellar scattering. The magnitude of this variability can be a substantial fraction of the correlated flux density, reaching ∼100% on some baselines. Through an exploration of simple geometric source models, we demonstrate that ring-like morphologies provide better fits to the Sgr A* data than do other morphologies with comparable complexity. We develop two strategies for fitting static geometric ring models to the time-variable Sgr A* data; one strategy fits models to short segments of data over which the source is static and averages these independent fits, while the other fits models to the full data set using a parametric model for the structural variability power spectrum around the average source structure. Both geometric modeling and image-domain feature extraction techniques determine the ring diameter to be 51.8 ± 2.3 μas (68% credible intervals), with the ring thickness constrained to have an FWHM between ∼30% and 50% of the ring diameter. To bring the diameter measurements to a common physical scale, we calibrate them using synthetic data generated from GRMHD simulations. This calibration constrains the angular size of the gravitational radius to be μas, which we combine with an independent distance measurement from maser parallaxes to determine the mass of Sgr A* to be M ⊙.
AB - In this paper we quantify the temporal variability and image morphology of the horizon-scale emission from Sgr A*, as observed by the EHT in 2017 April at a wavelength of 1.3 mm. We find that the Sgr A* data exhibit variability that exceeds what can be explained by the uncertainties in the data or by the effects of interstellar scattering. The magnitude of this variability can be a substantial fraction of the correlated flux density, reaching ∼100% on some baselines. Through an exploration of simple geometric source models, we demonstrate that ring-like morphologies provide better fits to the Sgr A* data than do other morphologies with comparable complexity. We develop two strategies for fitting static geometric ring models to the time-variable Sgr A* data; one strategy fits models to short segments of data over which the source is static and averages these independent fits, while the other fits models to the full data set using a parametric model for the structural variability power spectrum around the average source structure. Both geometric modeling and image-domain feature extraction techniques determine the ring diameter to be 51.8 ± 2.3 μas (68% credible intervals), with the ring thickness constrained to have an FWHM between ∼30% and 50% of the ring diameter. To bring the diameter measurements to a common physical scale, we calibrate them using synthetic data generated from GRMHD simulations. This calibration constrains the angular size of the gravitational radius to be μas, which we combine with an independent distance measurement from maser parallaxes to determine the mass of Sgr A* to be M ⊙.
U2 - 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6736
DO - 10.3847/2041-8213/ac6736
M3 - статья
VL - 930
SP - L15
JO - Astrophysical Journal Letters
JF - Astrophysical Journal Letters
SN - 2041-8205
IS - 2
ER -