TY - JOUR

T1 - Factor Structure of ASD Symptoms in Russian 3-4-Year-Olds

AU - Наследов, Андрей Дмитриевич

AU - Мирошников, Сергей Александрович

AU - Ткачева, Любовь Олеговна

AU - Федоров, Сергей Игоревич

N1 - Цель исследования - выявить вектора аутизма, которые присущи детям 3-4 лет с РАС. В исследовании приняли участие триста восемьдесят три ребенка с РАС. Была использована онлайн-анкета, разработанная ранее нашей исследовательской группой. На первом этапе, при многократном использовании эксплораторного факторного анализа, была решена задача выявления простейшей факторной структуры. В результате была получена 7-факторная структура, включающая от 9 до 14 пунктов в каждом факторе (всего 78 пунктов): 1) "Упорство в одинаковости" (Sam); 2) "Эмоциональная дисрегуляция" (Em); 3) "Отчуждение" (Al); 4) "Понимание речи" (SU); 5) "Расторможенность/гиперактивность" (Hyp); 6) "Эхолалия" (Ech); 7) "Сенсорная дезинтеграция" (Sen). Затем был применен "пакетный подход": бинарные пункты, включенные в каждый фактор, были случайным образом распределены по 3 пакетам, от 3 до 5 пунктов в каждом пакете. Таким образом, вместо 78 бинарных показателей была проанализирована 21 количественная переменная. На втором этапе был применен мультигрупповой подтверждающий факторный анализ для проверки факторной валидности и структурной и измерительной эквивалентности полученной 7-факторной модели частям выборки, различающимся по полу (m, f) и возрасту (3 и 4 года). Подтверждена факторная валидность 7-факторной модели: факторы Em, Al, Su и Ech коррелировали друг с другом (корреляции от 0,33 до 0,65), образуя группу коммуникативных расстройств, вторая группа состояла из факторов Sam и Sen (r = 0,66), фактор Hyp не не коррелирует с другими факторами. Эквивалентность этой 7-факторной модели была подтверждена в отношении выборок, различающихся по полу (м, ж) и возрасту (3 и 4 года). Согласно всем 7 рассчитанным факторам-шкалам, выборка детей с РАС статистически значимо отличалась от других детей, с величиной эффекта d-Коэна от 0,688 до 2,088. Однако можно предположить, что факторная расмерность симптомов аутизма может быть еще большей, поскольку выявленная структура основана на 436 исходных гипотетических симптомах аутизма.

PY - 2023/10/19

Y1 - 2023/10/19

N2 - The study aims to reveal autism vectors that are inherent in 3-4-year-olds with ASD. Three hundred eighty-three children with ASD took part in the research. An online questionnaire developed earlier by our research group was used. In the first stage, with the repeated use of exploratory factor analysis, the task of identifying the simplest factor structure was solved. As a result, a 7-factor system was obtained, including from 9 to 14 items in each factor (78 items in total): 1) "Persistence on sameness" (Sam); 2) "Emotional dysregulation" (Em); 3) "Alienation" (Al); 4) "Speech understanding" (SU); 5) "Disinhibition/Hyperactivity" (Hyp); 6) "Echolalia" (Ech); 7) "Sensory disintegration" (Sen). Next, a "parcel approach" was applied: binary items included in each factor were randomly distributed into 3 packages, from 3 to 5 items in each box. Thus, instead of 78 binary things, 21 quantitative variables were analyzed. At the second stage, a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was applied to verify the factor validity and structural and measurement equivalence of the obtained 7-factor model to the parts of the sample that differ by gender (m, f) and age (3 and 4 years). The factor validity of the 7-factor model was confirmed: the factors Em, Al, Su, and Ech correlated with each other (correlations from 0.33 to 0.65), forming a group of communication disorders, the second group consisted of factors Sam and Sen (r = 0.66), the factor Hyp did not correlate with other elements. The equivalence of this 7-factor model was confirmed with respect to samples differing in gender (m, f) and age (3 and 4 years). According to all 7 calculated factors-scales, the example of children with ASD statistically significantly differed from other children with the magnitude of the Coen's d effect from 0.688 to 2.088. However, it can be supposed that the factor dimension of autism symptoms can be even more significant, because the revealed structure is based on 436 initial hypothetical symptoms of autism.

AB - The study aims to reveal autism vectors that are inherent in 3-4-year-olds with ASD. Three hundred eighty-three children with ASD took part in the research. An online questionnaire developed earlier by our research group was used. In the first stage, with the repeated use of exploratory factor analysis, the task of identifying the simplest factor structure was solved. As a result, a 7-factor system was obtained, including from 9 to 14 items in each factor (78 items in total): 1) "Persistence on sameness" (Sam); 2) "Emotional dysregulation" (Em); 3) "Alienation" (Al); 4) "Speech understanding" (SU); 5) "Disinhibition/Hyperactivity" (Hyp); 6) "Echolalia" (Ech); 7) "Sensory disintegration" (Sen). Next, a "parcel approach" was applied: binary items included in each factor were randomly distributed into 3 packages, from 3 to 5 items in each box. Thus, instead of 78 binary things, 21 quantitative variables were analyzed. At the second stage, a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was applied to verify the factor validity and structural and measurement equivalence of the obtained 7-factor model to the parts of the sample that differ by gender (m, f) and age (3 and 4 years). The factor validity of the 7-factor model was confirmed: the factors Em, Al, Su, and Ech correlated with each other (correlations from 0.33 to 0.65), forming a group of communication disorders, the second group consisted of factors Sam and Sen (r = 0.66), the factor Hyp did not correlate with other elements. The equivalence of this 7-factor model was confirmed with respect to samples differing in gender (m, f) and age (3 and 4 years). According to all 7 calculated factors-scales, the example of children with ASD statistically significantly differed from other children with the magnitude of the Coen's d effect from 0.688 to 2.088. However, it can be supposed that the factor dimension of autism symptoms can be even more significant, because the revealed structure is based on 436 initial hypothetical symptoms of autism.

KW - РАС, 3-4-летки, факторная структура аутизма

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/4782469f-ac2c-3404-8468-b1560681f153/

U2 - 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304190

DO - 10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2304190

M3 - Article

VL - 7

JO - OBM Neurobiology

JF - OBM Neurobiology

SN - 2573-4407

IS - 4

M1 - 190

ER -