Results from an analysis of the dispersed and optical characteristics of atmospheric particles according to measurements at the background station of ZOTTO Tall Tower for the period 2021–2022 are presented. Seasonal particle size distributions and correlations with the total scattering coefficient for various aerosol modes are studied. The possibility of approximating the distributions by analytical functions is investigated. The best approximation corresponds to a lognormal distribution predominantly of a unimodal form. The features of the seasonal course are analyzed. The aerosol concentration has a maximum in the summer of 2021 and in the spring of 2022. The backward trajectories of the movement of air masses for the specified periods were analyzed using the HYSPLIT model. Industrial mining plants in the northern regions are sources of increased aerosol particle content. Atmospheric air coming from the eastern and southwestern directions is enriched with biomass combustion products resulting from forest fires and grass burning, respectively. It is shown that aerosol particles from different sources have their own characteristic scattering properties.