Innovation has a strong influence on the growth of the national economy and on the business success of the company. The capacity for innovation is becoming a crucial indicator of competitiveness.Small enterprises are capable of influencing innovation processes in different market sectors.This chapter argues that the public support of small innovative businesses, including those entering the international market, plays a vital role in stimulating innovations in Russia. The aim of the chapter is to reveal the main characteristics of the Russian small innovative enterprises (SIEs) and the factors which have an impact on the development and internationalization of Russian small innovative enterprises.