A numerical analysis of the informative qualities of the satellite method, which is used to derive the vertical structure of atmosphere aerosol optical parameters above a water surface is performed. The method is based on an interpretation of outgoing radiation in the 0.76 μm absorption band for various atmospheric models, measurement conditions (spectrometers ROSIS and GOM), and vertical resolutions. A significant amount of information on the aerosol scattering coefficient can be obtained for rather extended atmospheric layers, for example, for three tropospheric layers and for the stratospheric layer at a height of 10-30 km. The method is much less informative when used to derive the aerosol scattering coefficient with high vertical resolution (0.5-2 km), and it does not allow information to be obtained about aerosol absorbing properties.